Questions and Answers
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with Ischemic symptoms of Moyamoya disease?
Sudden severe headache
What is the primary cause of Moyamoya disease?
Both genetic and environmental factors
What does CT Angiography (CTA) enable in the diagnosis of Moyamoya disease?
Diagnosis of Moyamoya disease by visualizing stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery and its branches
What is a characteristic imaging feature of Moyamoya disease?
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What is a differential diagnosis of Moyamoya disease?
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What is a hemorrhagic symptom of Moyamoya disease?
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What is the primary effect of the blockage of the carotid artery in Moyamoya disease?
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What is the characteristic of the new blood vessels formed in Moyamoya disease?
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What is the result of the brain's attempt to compensate for the blockage in Moyamoya disease?
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Which arteries are typically affected in Moyamoya disease?
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What is the primary goal of treatment in Moyamoya disease?
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What is the effect of the blockage of the front and/or middle cerebral arteries in Moyamoya disease?
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What does the term 'moyamoya' refer to in the context of Moyamoya disease?
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Why is Moyamoya disease more common in people assigned female at birth?
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What is the primary age range when Moyamoya disease occurs more often?
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What is the first sign of Moyamoya disease in many patients?
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What is the purpose of bypass surgery in Moyamoya disease?
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Why is it important to control vascular risk factors in Moyamoya disease?
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Study Notes
Brain CT Angiography in Moyamoya Disease
Cause
- Moyamoya disease is a rare, progressive cerebrovascular disorder caused by bilateral stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery and its branches.
- The exact etiology is unknown, but it is thought to be related to genetic and environmental factors.
- Moyamoya disease can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to various conditions, such as atherosclerosis, radiation, or neurofibromatosis type 1.
Symptoms
- Ischemic symptoms:
- Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or stroke
- Weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg
- Confusion or memory loss
- Seizures
- Hemorrhagic symptoms:
- Sudden severe headache
- Nausea and vomiting
- Altered mental status
- Seizures
Imaging
-
CT Angiography (CTA)
- Non-invasive imaging modality that provides detailed vascular anatomy
- Enables diagnosis of Moyamoya disease by visualizing stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery and its branches
- Can identify collateral circulation, including moyamoya vessels
-
Imaging Features
- Bilateral stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery and its branches
- Moyamoya vessels (abnormal net-like vessels) at the base of the brain
- Collateral circulation, including enlarged middle cerebral arteries and posterior cerebral arteries
- Cerebral ischemia or infarction may be present
-
Differential Diagnosis
- Atherosclerosis
- Vasculitis
- Central nervous system vasculitis
- Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
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