Mountaineering, Hiking and Trekking

• Mountaineering, hiking, and trekking are outdoor activities with varying levels of difficulty and skill requirements.

Hiking

• Involves long hours of walking on trails therefore is generally easy and doesn't need specific climbing skills or equipment.

Trekking

• Usually takes multiple days
• May be physically demanding with tougher terrains
• More challenging compared to day hikes.

Mountaineering

• An outdoor activity where the goal is to climb a mountain to reach its summit
• Requires high technical skills, fitness level
• Needs aerobic conditioning for strenuous climbing
• Uses rope techniques, crampons, ice ax, and precise navigation

Training for Mountaineering

• Altitude sickness is a negative health effect from high altitude
• Occurs due to rapid exposure to low oxygen levels at high elevation.

Types of Mountain Climbing

• Rock-craft involves routes with rocky slopes and avalanches
• Snow-Craft involves routes with glaciers
• Mixed Climbing combines rocky and icy routes

Highest Mountains in the Philippines

• Mt. Apo is the highest mountain overall
• Mt. Tabayoc is the second highest mountain in Luzon
• Mt. Pulag is the highest mountain in Luzon
• Mt. Maagnaw is the third highest peak in the Kitanglad range
• Mt. Dulang-Dulang is the second highest mountain in the Philippines

Backpacking

• Outdoor recreation where gear is carried in a backpack.

Bandaging

• Bandages hold dressings in place over a wound
• Used to create pressure over a bleeding wound to control hemorrhage.

Types of Bandages

• Triangular bandage is for an arm sling or pad for bleeding
• Gauze bandages are thin, woven, breathable fabric used to secure a dressing
• Adhesive bandage is sterile compress, layers of gauze, affixed to fabric/film with pressure-sensitive adhesive
• Elastic bandage: A stretchable bandage for localized pressure

Triangular Bandages

• Standard size is 40x40x56 inches; other sizes exist -The longest side is the "base" (56 inches) -The point opposite the base is the "apex" -Points at each end of the base are "end tails" or "extremities" -Side is “40 inches”

Knot Tying

• A simple mechanical skill gained through practice and repetition

Types of Knots

• Sheepshank shortens a rope temporarily
• Bowline forms a loop that doesn't slip
• Timber hitch attaches a single rope to a cylindrical object
• Figure eight knot is very strong
• Slip knot is easily undone by pulling the tail
• Clove hitch fastens a rope temporarily
• Overhand knot is the simplest knot
• Square knot is a basic knot (right over left and left over right)