Unit One Review
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Questions and Answers

Data Collected as the result of a motor vehicle stop, can be considered prima facie evidence of racial profiling.

False

Incumbent officers are usually below average fitness.

True

____________ employed a militia group to protect the settlers from Indian and bandit raids.

  • Sam Houston
  • Stephen F. Austin (correct)
  • Columbus
  • Bob

    • Court of Criminal Appeals handles what type of cases?

    <p>Criminal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Texas Supreme Court handles which cases?

    <p>Civil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The US Supreme Court handles which cases?

    <p>Civil and Criminal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prohibits unreasonable search and seizure, use of force

    Signup and view all the answers

    Effects of criminal justice component interaction:

    <p>All the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Violation 4th Amendment (Officer shot suspect in back while fleeing)

    <p>Tennessee v. Garner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The governing body of a ________ general-law municipality may appoint police officers that the governing body considers necessary and may define the duties of the officers.

    <p>Type C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ municipality may provide for a police department.

    <p>Home Rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The governing body of a ________ general-law municipality may establish and regulate a municipal police force.

    <p>Type A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement reported in 1931 is also known as:

    <p>Wickersham Commission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state was the first to ratify the new constitution?

    <p>Delaware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many county courts in Texas?

    <p>254</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the only crime in the constitution?

    <p>Treason</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which case deals with violation of the 5th amendment?

    <p>Miranda v. Arizona</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which case ruled that the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution requires U.S. states to provide attorneys to criminal defendants who are unable to afford their own?

    <p>Gideon v. Wainwright</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A death penalty appeal goes straight to which court?

    <p>Criminal Court of Appeals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Five phases of people who experience traumatic events:

    <p>Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance (Dabda)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one is not a pillar?

    <p>Ethical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structure of the criminal justice system: ____________, _______________, and __________

    <p>Law enforcement, courts, and corrections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ____________ Defines the only crime in the US Constitution and states crimes must be tried in the state where the crime was committed

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    States cannot make or enforce law that abridge privileges of citizenship.

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    Powers not given to federal government nor prohibited by it to the Senate, are reserved to the States, or to the people.

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    What is SARA?

    <p>Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rights outlined in the Constitution do not deny others retained by the people.

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    Prohibits excessive bail fines & cruel or unusual punishment

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    Right to a trial jury in suits at common law where value exceeds $20.

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    Right to a speedy trial by an impartial jury of the state; informed of nature and cause of accusation, confronted by witnesses against him and obtain witnesses in favor; right to legal counsel.

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    No person can be tried for the same offense twice (double jeopardy), nor witness against him/herself; nor be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process; nor have property taken for public use without compensation.

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    Housing of troops in time of by owner’s consent. In time of war, in manner prescribed by law.

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    Right to bear arms

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    Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition

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    The __________ ____________ ___________ convened in Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, between September 5 and October 26, 1774. Delegates from twelve of Britain's thirteen American colonies met to discuss America's future under growing British aggression.

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    The ________ ___ ____________ were adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777. This document served as the United States' first constitution. It was in force from March 1, 1781, until 1789 when the present-day Constitution went into effect.

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    A writ of habeas corpus (which literally means to "produce the body") is a court order demanding that a public official (such as a warden) deliver an imprisoned individual to the court and show a valid reason for that person's detention.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Three basic approaches to stress management:

    <p>Avoid, alter, adapt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parasympathetic Nervous System

    <p>responsible for rest, digestion &amp; nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sympathetic Nervous System is:

    <p>creates biochemical changes to the mind and body to prepare to respond to threat (fight or flight). Like pushing the accelerator of a car.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is CIS?

    <p>Critical Incident Stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fat needs: No more than 30% of total calories, 7-10% for those with heart or cholesterol problems.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Protein needs: about 12-15% of the daily calories.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Percentage of carbs needed per day.

    <p>55-60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Complex Carbs

    <p>Potatoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Simple Carbohydrates

    <p>All the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbs, fats, and proteins

    <p>fuel nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamins, minerals, and water:

    <p>Non-Fuel Nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    FITT stands for

    <p>Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ The body adapts specifically to the type of demand placed on it.

    <p>Specificity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _________ _____________ means a substance, including a drug, an adulterant, and a dilutant, listed in Schedules I through V or Penalty Group 1, 1-A, 1-B, 2, 2-A, 3, or 4. The term includes the aggregate weight of any mixture, solution, or other substance containing a controlled substance.

    <p>Controlled substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leading cause of death in the US?

    <p>Heart Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wellness Pyramid foundation?

    <p>Regular Excercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ and ___________ components are the underlying physical factors in performing the essential tasks of the law enforcement officers’ job.

    <p>Functional and Motor Fitness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ratification of the Constitution with Bill of Rights ___________.

    <p>December 7, 1787</p> Signup and view all the answers

    First state to ratify new constitution: ____________

    <p>Delaware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nations first constitution “_______________”

    <p>Articles of Confederation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Violation of 5th Amendment (Double jeopardy, confession under duress)

    <p>Miranda v. Arizona</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A case in which the Court decided that evidence obtained illegally may not be used against someone in a court of law by the Fourth Amendment.

    <p>Mapp v. Ohio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Texas constitutions are __________ and ___________.

    <p>Coahuila y Tejas and 1836 Constitution of Republic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 1876 Texas Constitution is the longest

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The constitution has been amended _______ times.

    <p>456</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Violation of 1st Amendment (flipped off police officer)

    <p>Duran v. City of Douglas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A court with “appellate jurisdiction” hears only cases that have been appealed from lower courts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Article 3 covers_______.

    <p>Judicial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Article 2 covers ________

    <p>Executive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Article 1 covers ___________

    <p>Legislature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the only crime in the constitution?

    <p>Treason</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A tort is any one of various, legally recognized, private injuries or wrongs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Bill of Rights was ratified in _____.

    <p>1791</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Municipal Court handles civil and criminal cases.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A JP Court handles civil and criminal.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Magistrates primarily deal with juveniles and minor offenses.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    County Courts handle what type of cases?

    <p>Civil and Criminal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    District Courts handle what type of cases?

    <p>Civil and Criminal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Court of Appeals handles what type of cases?

    <p>Civil and Criminal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-responsibility is the cap of the wellness pyramid.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A licensee that does not complete training will receive a 90 day suspension for the first offense.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The watch/ward system was common in Texas because of its size?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Article II of the US Constitution?

    <p>Executive Branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Article I of the US Constitution?

    <p>Legislative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Article III of the US Constitution?

    <p>Judicial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'ex parte' mean?

    <p>From one party</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'in re gault'?

    <p>A case related to juvenile law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the literal meaning of 'habeas corpus'?

    <p>Show me the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'habeas corpus' mean?

    <p>show me the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'in re' refer to?

    <p>a case that changed juvenile laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'ex parte' mean?

    <p>from one party</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pillar of procedural justice concerns the openness of the process?

    <p>Transparency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first pillar of procedural justice?

    <p>Fairness and Consistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pillar of procedural justice concerns unbiased decision making?

    <p>Impartiality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second pillar of procedural justice?

    <p>Giving Voice to all Parties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe behavior that ignores the basic goals of the criminal justice system and causes people to lose confidence in the system?

    <p>Legitimacy degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is moral sensitivity?

    <p>The ability to recognize the presence and nature of ethical issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for moral progress?

    <p>Improving consistency of ethical judgment and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason modern people must recognize their obligations to humanity in general?

    <p>To improve moral progress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do some people defend unethical behavior with the excuse 'everybody's doing it'?

    <p>They are trying to justify their own unethical behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the ability to teach ethical behavior?

    <p>Ethical behavior can be taught to anyone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason why practicing honesty and integrity is important for law enforcement professionals?

    <p>It establishes community and police partnerships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does a peace officer's behavior have a great impact on larger numbers of people inside and outside the system?

    <p>Because they have a highly visible job</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the Pillars of Character mentioned in the text?

    <p>Loyalty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following Pillars of Character refers to an individual's willingness to help others and show compassion?

    <p>Caring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of being ethical as a criminal justice professional?

    <p>Subjectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't law enforcement officers and their organizations separate legitimacy and procedural justice?

    <p>Because they are both important components of being ethical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about personal values?

    <p>Values vary from person to person and situation to situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a value that has remained intact through centuries according to the text?

    <p>Respect for life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of Organizational Transformation?

    <p>Technological advancements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should permeate the agency at all levels, similar to procedural justice?

    <p>Community partnerships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of implementing the professional model for law enforcement?

    <p>More effective problem-solving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first pillar of procedural justice?

    <p>Fairness and consistency of rule application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do people consider when forming their opinion about whether a decision was fair?

    <p>Both the outcome of the decision and the process by which the decision was made</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of giving people voice in decisions that affect them, according to the text?

    <p>It helps people feel like they have some control over their fate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of transparency in the context of procedural justice?

    <p>The openness of decision-making processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for impartial decision making according to the text?

    <p>Relevant evidence or data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of attitude in the context of this text?

    <p>A cognitive position based on knowledge, feelings, and experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between race and ethnicity?

    <p>Race refers to groups of people with common ancestry and physical characteristics, while ethnicity refers to shared culture and background</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ethnocentrism?

    <p>The act of regarding one’s culture as the 'center of the universe'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is prejudice?

    <p>An adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is discrimination?

    <p>Acting on the basis of prejudice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key to reducing the impact of prejudices in our lives?

    <p>Being aware of our prejudices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ethnocentrism according to the text?

    <p>Provides a source of egotistic satisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of stereotype and categorical treatment according to the text?

    <p>Affords a convenient grouping for people of whom one is not knowledgeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of scapegoating according to the text?

    <p>Provides a convenient group or person to blame when things go wrong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of projection according to the text?

    <p>Provides an outlet for projecting one’s tensions and frustrations onto other people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of attitude?

    <p>A cognitive position based on a person's knowledge, feelings, and experiences about someone or something</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between race and ethnicity?

    <p>Race refers to physical characteristics while ethnicity refers to shared culture and background</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ethnocentrism?

    <p>Act of regarding one's culture as the 'center of the universe'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is prejudice?

    <p>An adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge of or examination of the facts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is discrimination?

    <p>Acting on the basis of prejudice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key to reducing the impact of prejudices in our lives?

    <p>Being aware of them and working to reduce their impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the functions of prejudice?

    <p>Ethnocentrism, stereotype and categorical treatment, scapegoat, projection, authoritarian personality, societal strain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of culture?

    <p>A way of thinking and acting based on tradition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between race and ethnicity?

    <p>Race refers to groups of people with common ancestry and physical characteristics, while ethnicity refers to shared culture and background</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of stereotyping?

    <p>Affords a convenient grouping for people of whom one is not knowledgeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of attitude?

    <p>A person's cognitive position based on their knowledge, feelings, and experiences about someone or something</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between race and ethnicity?

    <p>Race refers to shared culture and background, while ethnicity refers to groups of people with common ancestry and physical characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ethnocentrism?

    <p>The act of regarding one's culture as the 'center of the universe'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is prejudice?

    <p>An adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge of or examination of the facts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is discrimination?

    <p>Treating people unfairly because of their race, gender, age, or other characteristic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of scapegoating?

    <p>Provides a convenient group or person to blame when things go wrong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of stereotyping?

    <p>Affords a convenient grouping for people of whom one is not knowledgeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ethnocentrism?

    <p>Provides a source of egotistic satisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of projection?

    <p>Provides an outlet for projecting one's tensions and frustrations onto other people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key to reducing the impact of prejudices in our lives?

    <p>Being aware of the prejudices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Racial Profiling

    • Data collected as a result of a motor vehicle stop can be considered prima facie evidence of racial profiling.

    Municipalities

    • The governing body of a general-law municipality may appoint police officers and define their duties.
    • A home-rule municipality may provide for a police department.
    • The governing body of a general-law municipality may establish and regulate a municipal police force.

    Courts

    • Court of Criminal Appeals handles criminal cases.
    • Texas Supreme Court handles civil cases.
    • US Supreme Court handles federal cases.

    Constitution

    • Prohibits unreasonable search and seizure, and use of force (4th Amendment).
    • Provides for double jeopardy protection (5th Amendment).
    • States cannot make or enforce laws that abridge privileges of citizenship (14th Amendment).
    • Defines the only crime in the US Constitution and states that crimes must be tried in the state where the crime was committed (Article III, Section 3).
    • Guarantees right to a trial by jury, due process, and protection against excessive bail and cruel punishment.

    Cases

    • Case deal with violation of 5th Amendment (Miranda v. Arizona).
    • Case ruled that the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution requires U.S. states to provide attorneys to criminal defendants who are unable to afford their own (Gideon v. Wainwright).
    • Case deals with violation of the 4th Amendment (Mapp v. Ohio).

    Criminal Justice

    • Five phases of people who experience traumatic events: heroic, honeymoon, disillusionment, depression, and rebuilding.
    • Structure of the criminal justice system: law enforcement, courts, corrections.
    • Effects of criminal justice component interaction: violation of 4th Amendment (officer shot suspect in back while fleeing).

    Fitness and Wellness

    • Three basic approaches to stress management: parasympathetic nervous system, sympathetic nervous system, and exercise.
    • FITT stands for frequency, intensity, time, and type.
    • Wellness pyramid foundation: self-responsibility.
    • The body adapts specifically to the type of demand placed on it.

    Miscellaneous

    • The National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement reported in 1931 is also known as the Wickersham Commission.
    • The first state to ratify the new constitution was Delaware.
    • There are 254 county courts in Texas.
    • The only crime in the Constitution is treason.
    • A writ of habeas corpus is a court order demanding that a public official deliver an imprisoned individual to the court and show a valid reason for that person's detention.

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