Motor Speech Disorders Treatment Techniques

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of stroking muscles?

To recruit more muscle spindles

To strengthen muscle fibers

To enhance emotional distress

To reduce muscle tension and promote relaxation (correct)

What is the primary assumption of the facilitatory approach in treating motor speech disorders?

Nonspeech motor movements are unrelated to speech production.

Vegetative movements of respiration and feeding are integral to speech. (correct)

Positioning the patient has no significant effect on speech production.

Speech therapy should start with phonetic treatments.

How does high-frequency vibration affect muscle activity?

It stimulates muscle activity and elicits a reflex contraction (correct)

It has no effect on muscle activity

It exclusively inhibits muscle tone

It decreases the tone of both agonist and antagonist muscles

What is a potential issue with using tapping techniques on the oral musculature?

Tapping may cause inappropriate muscle stimulation due to different muscle spindle distributions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is NOT part of the facilitatory approach to motor speech disorders?

Phonemic treatments Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of superficial heat applied to muscles?

To reduce muscle spasm and spasticity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of nonspeech oral motor treatments (NSOMTs)?

To develop motor patterns necessary for speech sound production. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the facilitatory approach, which technique focuses on improving tone abnormalities?

Isotonic and isometric exercises Signup and view all the answers

In what way does cold treatment assist individuals with neuromuscular disorders?

By effectively reducing inflammation and pain Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the scope of nonspeech oral motor treatments?

They involve various exercise movements and stimulatory techniques. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of passive range of motion (PROM) exercises?

To maintain joint flexibility and soft tissue integrity Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle input does a slow passive stretch primarily aim to address in cases of hypertonicity?

Reduce the stretch reflex Signup and view all the answers

Which sensory stimulation agent is primarily used to enhance muscle function through temperature changes?

Hot/cold application Signup and view all the answers

How do mechanoreceptors, proprioceptors, and thermoreceptors contribute to muscle function?

They respond to changes in muscle length, tension, and joint position. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypothesized effect of passive quick stretches on muscle spindles?

They stimulate muscle spindles, increasing muscle tone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of NSOMTs in relation to speech development?

To develop motor skills for speech and motor memory of speech sound productions. Signup and view all the answers

Which assumption is NOT associated with the use of NSOMTs?

There is no connection between non-speech and speech tasks. Signup and view all the answers

What type of exercise does isotonic training involve?

Muscle length changes while maintaining relatively constant tension. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an isotonic exercise for improving lip strength?

Lip pops where the lips are brought together and then forcefully opened. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT describe a goal of NSOMT procedures?

Developing the cognitive aspects of language. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Facilitatory Approaches in the Treatment of Motor Speech Disorders

Facilitatory approaches assume vegetative movements (respiration, feeding) underlie speech.
These approaches use procedures that aim to facilitate speech development.
Vegetative Therapies include reflex-based therapies.
Other techniques involve sensorimotor stimulation of oral structures and manipulation (intraoral and extraoral).
Improving posture, tone, and strength is crucial before correcting speech.
Isotonic and isometric exercises help improve tone abnormalities.

Nonspeech Techniques (NSOMTs)

NSOMTs differ from phonetic/phonemic treatments.
NSOMTs target nonspeech motor movements and oral postures for speech sound production.
These techniques employ various exercises, instruments (horns, whistles), and stimulatory techniques.
The goal of NSOMTs is to facilitate the development of motor skills for speech sound production, motor memory of speech production, and placement of articulators.

Assumptions Underlying NSOMTs

NSOMTs imply a muscular deficit is the primary cause of developmental sound system disorders.
Oral musculature and limb musculature share similar neurophysiology.
Principles established for limb rehabilitation apply to oral rehabilitation.
Training from NSOMT tasks transfers to speech tasks.

Types of NSOMTs

Active muscle exercises (strength training, stretching)
Passive muscle exercises (PROM and passive stretch)
Sensory stimulation (massage, vibration, temperature, electrical stimulation)

Strength Training

Strength training programs use isotonic or isometric exercises.
Isotonic exercises cause muscle length change with relatively constant muscle tension.
Isometric exercises create muscular tension without changing muscle length.

Stretching

Stretching involves moving a muscle or muscle group outside its typical operating range.
Range of movement (ROM) is a corollary of stretching.
Stretching exercises can increase or decrease muscle tone.
Active stretching involves the client, passive stretching involves a practitioner.

Sensory Stimulation

Sensory stimulation employs differing agents to improve or stimulate muscle function (massage, vibration, temperature, electrical stimulation).
Inputs are processed by various nerve receptors.
Sensory stimulation produces relaxation, altered range of movement, and changed muscle tone.

Massage

Massage can involve stroking or tapping muscles.
It aims to reduce muscle tension and foster a state of relaxation.
It may enhance functional performance, improve local blood flow, reduce pain, and promote muscle suppleness.

Tapping

Tapping muscles aim to stimulate muscle spindles, increasing muscle tone.
It's done with fingertips during active contraction.
Tapping may be less effective on oral structures due to neurophysiological differences compared to limbs.

Vibration

Vibration is a sensory stimulation used in muscular rehabilitation.
High-frequency vibration stimulates muscle activity, while low-frequency vibration inhibits activity.
Vibration can influence muscle tone and activity via reciprocal inhibition.

Temperature

Superficial heat can reduce muscle spasms and spasticity.
Cold can decrease nerve conduction speeds and reduce spasticity.

Electrical Stimulation

Electrical stimulation can address muscular problems, but has less extensive research in speech pathology.
Applications include intramuscular stimulation, applied to skin or muscles via electrodes.
Low-level electrical voltage targets stimulating muscle contractions.

Speech Facilitation Techniques

These techniques enhance or supplement articulatory skills training.
Techniques involve extraoral manipulation (using cues, guides, and phonation guides).
They are used to assist in teaching articulatory functions.
Creating an awareness of articulatory movements and placements is a major goal.

Terminologies

Stimulator: Person applying extraoral manipulations (finger and hand cues, phonodental guides).
Respondent: Person responding to the stimulation.
Manipulations: Skillful or dextrous extraoral treatment.

Speech Facilitation Principles

Rapport between stimulator and respondent is crucial.
The practitioner specifically teaches the position and movement of each phoneme (sound).
Controlled manipulation techniques (rhythm, rate, pause, pressure, duration).
Sensory stimuli are either included or excluded as needed.

Purpose of Speech Facilitation

Amplifying and clarifying original instructions for motor-kinesthetic stimulation.
Describing production and placement of speech facilitation phonodental guides.

Moto-Kinesthetic Method

This method stresses the development of correct movement patterns to manipulate the articulators.
It aims for individual articulator coordination for sound production.

Additional Stimulus Systems

Techniques can include visual, auditory, and kinesthetic cues.
Vibrotactile stimulation may be part of treatments.

Devices

Tongue blades, phonodental guides, and dental devices (e.g., plastic palates, zonds, intraoral training aids, etc.) can be used for speech stimulation.

Programs

Some programs utilize three phases to address speech errors: observation, stimulation, and discussion.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts and techniques related to the treatment of motor speech disorders, particularly focusing on the facilitatory approach and nonspeech oral motor treatments. Participants will explore the roles of various methods including muscle stimulation and sensory techniques in rehabilitation. Test your understanding of these important practices in speech therapy and neuromuscular treatment.