30 Questions
What is the main characteristic of Parkinson's tremor?
Worse at rest (static tremor)
Which of the following is NOT a cause of physiological tremor?
Huntington's disease
Which type of tremor is assessed using the finger-to-nose test?
Cerebellar tremor
Which movement disorder is characterized by $uncontrolled, involuntary, brief, jerky random$ movements?
Chorea
Which type of gait is tested by asking the patient to walk on their tiptoes?
Plantiflexion
What is the main component of the motor pathway that is responsible for transmitting voluntary movement signals from the motor cortex to the skeletal muscles?
The upper motor neuron
Which movement disorder is caused by sustained muscle contraction, leading to twisting and repetitive movement or abnormal fixed posture?
Dystonia
Which of the following is the most likely cause of paralysis resulting from a lesion in the motor pathway?
Damage to the upper motor neuron
What is the main characteristic of muscle atrophy observed in a lower motor neuron lesion?
The atrophy is localized to the affected muscles
Which of the following is the main function of the cerebellar coordination centers during voluntary movement?
To maintain balance and posture
What is the main difference between upper motor neuron lesion (UMNL) and lower motor neuron lesion (LMNL) in terms of muscle tone and reflexes?
UMNL has increased muscle tone and exaggerated reflexes, while LMNL has decreased muscle tone and diminished reflexes
Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding the relationship between the extrapyramidal system and voluntary movement?
The extrapyramidal system modulates the intensity and coordination of voluntary movement
What is the main characteristic of spasticity during passive movement?
A rapid build up in resistance during the first few degrees of passive movement, followed by a sudden lessening of resistance
Which of the following is the main cause of spasticity?
Upper motor neuron lesion
Which muscle groups are most affected by spasticity?
Muscles not affected by gravity
What is the main characteristic of rigidity during passive movement?
A sustained resistance to passive movement throughout the range of movement, similar to bending a lead pipe
Which condition is associated with rigidity?
Parkinsonism
How is muscle power typically assessed?
By assessing the patient's ability to resist voluntary movement
What is the purpose of the Heel-knee-shin test?
Detect cerebellar ataxia
What is a common abnormality seen in the Finger-nose test?
Intention tremors
In sensory ataxia, what is the impact of closing the patient's eyes during testing?
Apparent dysmetria and dysdiadokinesia
Which type of ataxia results from defective proprioception?
Sensory ataxia
What symptom is associated with dysdiadokinesia?
Irregular movements in force and rhythm
How are abnormalities in rapid alternating movements described in cerebellar ataxia?
Irregular force and rhythm
What is the recommended position for the subject in testing the biceps jerk?
Sitting on a chair with legs hanging freely
Which nerve roots are primarily tested during the triceps jerk reflex?
C6, C7
In which position should the subject be for testing the supinator (brachioradialis) jerk?
Lying down with forearm resting on the abdomen and palm down
What is the expected response when tapping the patellar tendon below the patella during the knee jerk reflex test?
Extension at the knee
How should the subject's arm be positioned for the triceps jerk reflex test?
Partially flexed with palm down
Which muscle group contracts during the biceps jerk reflex test?
Biceps muscle
Learn about the motor pathway in the central nervous system and the importance of intact upper and lower motor neurons for normal voluntary movement. Understand how lesions in this pathway can lead to paralysis.
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