Motor Control Systems and Theories

<p>The muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides the necessary framework for movement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Postural control is responsible for stability, while motor coordination is responsible for movement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To develop effective treatment plans for patients with movement impairments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate inhibition by higher brain centers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It coordinates and refines movement execution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement control is influenced by both internal and external forces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fails to account for the influence of environmental factors on movement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body should be viewed as a complex system interacting with its environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A patient struggling to walk on a slippery floor. (A), A patient trying to pick up a heavy book. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A loud construction noise outside distracting a patient during therapy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To understand how the environment can hinder or facilitate a patient's movement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing the height of a plinth to make it easier for a patient to stand. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By considering the patient's functional goals and the tasks they need to be able to perform. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a framework for understanding how the nervous system produces movement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A general explanation for a phenomenon based on a collection of data and hypotheses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps therapists create treatment plans that are individualized to each patient's circumstance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement is an emergent property arising from interactions among multiple systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Utilize standardized movement protocols for consistency. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be cognitively demanding for patients. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain can create new neural connections throughout life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurodegeneration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a foundation for developing targeted interventions that promote brain reorganization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves the growth of new nerve endings to reconnect damaged neurons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensation is necessary for movement, as sensory inputs control motor outputs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By integrating multiple reflexes in a chain, with each reflex triggering the next. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The theory effectively explains novel movements that deviate from established reflexes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chains of reflexes that are linked together. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Therapists can predict and interpret movement behavior based on the presence or absence of controlling reflexes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The contribution of reflexes to the development of complex motor skills. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The theory adequately explains flexibility in movement responses based on context. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sir Charles Sherrington (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Repetition of desired movement (A), Training Specificity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain learns to ignore specific body parts after damage, leading to reduced function. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory stimulation enhances neural reorganization and contributes to functional recovery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Existing connections are strengthened or weakened based on activity and experience. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It removes inefficient or less active connections, strengthening connections used frequently. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both hemispheres contribute to motor control, but if one is damaged, the other can compensate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining a consistent body temperature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows the brain to repurpose existing connections to compensate for damaged regions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of human movement and mechanisms regulating motor skills.

The ability to stabilize the body in space and maintain balance.

The ability to coordinate bodily segments to perform tasks.

A control circuit for selection and initiation of motor programs.

A control circuit that executes motor acts and facilitates learning.

Neural circuits in the brain that regulate specific movements.

Necessary for effective motor control and function.

Involves interpreting sensory information to guide movement.

Elements in the environment that influence movement and performance.

Environmental aspects that dictate how movement occurs, like object's size or surface type.

Environmental features that affect performance but don't dictate movement.

Rehabilitation exercises tailored to the requirements of a specific task.

The effectiveness and efficiency of movement in various environments.

Identifying strengths and limitations to inform rehabilitation.

Frameworks explaining how the nervous system generates movement.

Adjusting environmental factors to aid or challenge patient movement.

A theory suggesting brain controls all movements from higher to lower centers.

The process by which the nervous system matures and influences motor development.

A theory that emphasizes the role of body systems and forces in controlling movement.

The suppression of primitive reflexes by higher brain centers.

The ordered progression of skills and movements as a person recovers function.

A theory that views reflexes as the building blocks of complex behavior.

Key beliefs under Reflex Theory: sensation is necessary for movement, sensory inputs control motor outputs, and reflexes are basic units of behavior.

The basic structure of a reflex includes a receptor, conductor, and effector.

Therapists can predict function and interpret movement behavior through reflex action presence or absence.

The theory cannot explain spontaneous movements or complex behaviors not reliant on reflexes.

The concept that a sequence of reflexes can create complex behaviors, though it has limitations.

Control is distributed and motor control is goal-oriented.

Movement arises from interactions among individual, task, and environment.

Use goal-oriented tasks, vary tasks & environments, improve efficiency.

Minimizes hands-on techniques, is cognitively demanding and slow.

Addresses how movements are affected by various systems in interaction.

Brain's ability to reorganize and form new neural connections throughout life.

Includes synaptic strengthening and formation of new pathways.

Undamaged axons grow new endings to reconnect neurons after damage.

The brain's ability to reorganize and form new connections throughout life, particularly during learning and recovery.

The process where the brain removes inefficient or unused neuronal connections, strengthening frequently used ones.

A long-lasting strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity, crucial for learning and memory.

A long-lasting decrease in synaptic strength, which helps refine neuronal connections.

The principle that practice should target specific skills or movements to enhance brain adaptation and motor control.

The process of the brain reallocating functions following injury or damage to improve recovery.

A phenomenon where body segments lose representation in the brain due to lack of use, often following injury.

Engaging senses to encourage neural plasticity and reorganization in the brain, especially after injury.