Motor Control Hierarchy Quiz

The brain's multi-level system for controlling movement, from overall strategy to precise muscle actions.

Involved in the overall strategy of a movement – deciding what to do and how.

Responsible for the precise timing and sequence of muscle movements to achieve the forebrain's goal.

Executes the planned movement by activating the muscles through motor neurons.

Part of the forebrain involved in the overall strategy of the movement.

Part of the forebrain that plays a role in movement strategy.

The complex system the brain and body use to plan and execute movements.

The movements that we consciously decide to make.

The motor cortex is in the frontal lobe, specifically area 4 (precentral gyrus) and area 6 (anterior to area 4).

The motor cortex is responsible for planning and controlling voluntary movements.

Involves understanding body position, target location, and creating a movement plan.

A part of the motor cortex, anterior to the central sulcus on the precentral gyrus, playing a vital role in motor control.

Part of the motor cortex, just anterior to area 4, also contributing to movement planning.

Penfield's experiments stimulated the brain regions to pinpoint their roles in motor control.

Almost all parts of the neocortex is involved in planning and controlling voluntary movement.

Movement requires knowledge of the body's position, target destination, and how to reach that destination.

Recording brain cell activity in awake, behaving animals.

The relationship between how the brain functions and how an animal acts.

Tiny electrodes used to record from many neurons at once.

Human patients undergoing surgery with parts of the procedure performed while awake.

Animals studied while conscious and performing tasks.

Study of the nervous system.

Specific actions that animals perform while researchers record their brain activity

Unique cognitive abilities found only in humans.

Damage to the parietal lobes can cause strange body image and spatial perception problems.

A severe case of parietal lobe damage, causing the individual to ignore one side of their body and the world.

The parietal lobes are connected to frontal lobes, crucial for complex thoughts and actions.

Part of the brain that helps plan actions and predict outcomes.

Brain region where movement plans are transformed into specific actions.

A neural pathway that carries signals from the brain to control body movements.

A series of studies conducted by Dr. Per Roland which strengthened the understanding of higher-order motor planning in humans.

The basal ganglia are involved in planning and executing movements - they help initiate, modulate, and refine movements.

A pathway through the basal ganglia that enhances movement by facilitating thalamocortical activity.

A pathway through the basal ganglia that inhibits movement by suppressing thalamocortical activity.

A structure within the basal ganglia that receives input from the cortex and sends signals to the globus pallidus.

A structure within the basal ganglia that receives signals from the putamen and sends signals to the thalamus.

A nucleus in the thalamus that receives signals from the globus pallidus and sends signals to the motor cortex.

A part of the motor cortex that receives signals from the thalamus and is involved in planning and sequencing movements.

A connection between the thalamus and the motor cortex that facilitates movement.

A structure in the basal ganglia that receives input from the cortex and excites the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi), leading to movement facilitation.

Part of the basal ganglia that tonically inhibits the thalamus, but when inhibited itself by putamen activation, releases the thalamus to excite the motor cortex.

A thalamic nucleus that receives signals from the basal ganglia and relays them to the motor cortex, playing a crucial role in movement initiation.

The supplementary motor area, a part of the motor cortex that receives input from the thalamus and contributes to planning and executing complex movements.