Motives Unveiled

The social meaning of politics is an orderly organization of citizens in a society, subject to good, fair, and responsible government.

Government is the control of society and its citizens by ascribed authority, and not by power.

Political offences are a complex concept to define because there are diverse forms of emergence and conduct that cannot always be described under one definition, and there are differing focus of definitions on crimes against the state and crimes by the state.

Left wing extremists, Right wing extremists, Single-issue groups

Animal rights extremist, Environmental or ecological radicals, Anti-abortion activist

Efforts by groups to protect the environment through non-legal actions, such as sabotage

They can blend into environments well, don't trigger red flags in law enforcement, and attract more publicity and media attention

Political crime refers to crimes committed by elected officials and those employed by the State to the detriment of its people.

Examples of political crimes mentioned in the text include the Holocaust during Hitler's reign, the apartheid laws in South Africa, and the politically motivated murders committed in Zimbabwe during the Robert Mugabe era.

The Rule of Law Index is used to measure the extent to which governments, their officials, and their agents are held accountable for upholding the law of the land.

The purpose is to establish constitutional and institutional mechanisms that limit the powers of government and hold them accountable under the law.

The powers of the government, its officials and agents are limited by governmental and nongovernmental checks.

Those in senior positions ignore the basic tenet of the public service, which is to serve the people.

Principles to guide the conduct of all government officials, including consultation, setting service standards, increasing access, ensuring courtesy, providing information, openness and transparency, redress, and value for money.

Corruption is an attempt by individuals or groups to subvert current rules and generate extra-legal income and wealth for themselves. It is also an abuse of entrusted power for private gain.

Women suicide terrorists capitalize and thrive on ‘element of surprise’. They can take advantage of cultural reluctance toward physical searches to evade detection. Given their seemingly feminine facade, they are categorically perceived as gentle and non-threatening. Further, they constitute a potentially large pool of recruits, a resource that terrorist organizations can draw from and cash in on. Symbolically, the death of women bombers is more likely to evoke a feeling of desperation and sympathy than does the demise of male bombers, thus potentially fueling the resolve for revenge.

Nationalist sentiment, social, educational, and physical repression, the promise of women’s liberation, coercion, religious mandate, fear of retaliation, concerns for personal safety, and an explicit feminist agenda to improve their status in the group in particular and society in general.

The status of women’s rights may have an important effect on women’s participation in terrorism on a global scale.

Ensuring coordination and integration of anti-corruption initiatives in the public service; Avoiding duplicating initiatives and efforts in the fight against corruption in the public service; Providing a forum for the various departments to share information on anti-corruption prevention, detection and investigation and other initiatives; Serving to oversee and monitor implementation of the Public Service Anti-Corruption Strategy; Ensuring the effective implementation of the Public Service Anti-Corruption Strategy.

Prevention (Creating an ethical culture and employment vetting), Detection (Developing policies to support whistle-blowing and internal audits), Investigation (Providing for internal investigations as well as cooperating with other government departments to investigate corruption by SAPS employees), Resolution (Ensuring that disciplinary action, criminal prosecuting and civil recovery are instituted).

The use of force or the threat of force to achieve a political or criminal end.

Permissive structural factors such as poverty, poor governance, demographic factors, and urbanization; Direct root causes such as absolute poverty, exclusion and social inequality, dispossession and human rights abuse, poor governance and corruption, and a clash of values.

Insider trading refers to the use of privileged information for personal gain, such as buying or selling shares before the information is made public. It is a form of corruption as it allows individuals to profit unfairly and undermines the fairness and transparency of financial markets.

Corruption suffocates civil society by undermining trust, transparency, and accountability.

Corruption exacerbates inequalities by lowering living standards, particularly for vulnerable groups, and allowing the rich to become richer while the poor get poorer.

Corruption leads to the marginalization of state institutions in global affairs and can result in high external debt and degradation of the natural environment.

Using privileged information for personal gain, such as information about buying or selling shares before it is communicated to the general public.

Providing services or resources according to personal preference and not by power process; ensuring family members are appointed to positions or receive contracts.

Acting in two different roles that are at cross-purposes to each other, where the actions in one interest could directly influence the other interest.

Actions or behaviors that fool others into providing a benefit that would not normally accrue to that person.