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Motion
Types of Motion
- Translational Motion: Movement of an object from one point to another in a straight line or a curved path.
- Rotational Motion: Movement of an object around a fixed axis, resulting in a circular path.
- Vibrational Motion: Back-and-forth motion of an object about a fixed point.
- Oscillatory Motion: Periodic motion of an object between two fixed points.
Describing Motion
- Displacement: The distance an object travels from its initial to its final position.
- Distance: The total length of the path traveled by an object.
- Speed: The rate of change of distance with respect to time.
- Velocity: The rate of change of displacement with respect to time.
- Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity with respect to time.
Equations of Motion
- v = u + at: The equation of motion for an object with initial velocity u, accelerating at a rate of a for a time t.
- s = ut + (1/2)at^2: The equation of motion for an object with initial velocity u, accelerating at a rate of a for a time t, covering a distance s.
- v^2 = u^2 + 2as: The equation of motion for an object with initial velocity u, accelerating at a rate of a, covering a distance s.
Graphical Analysis
- Position-Time Graph: A graph that shows the position of an object as a function of time.
- Velocity-Time Graph: A graph that shows the velocity of an object as a function of time.
- Acceleration-Time Graph: A graph that shows the acceleration of an object as a function of time.
Important Concepts
- Inertia: The tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion.
- Newton's First Law: An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue to move with a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force.
- Frame of Reference: A fixed point of view from which motion is observed and measured.
Motion
Types of Motion
- Translational motion involves movement in a straight line or curved path from one point to another.
- Rotational motion occurs when an object moves around a fixed axis, resulting in a circular path.
- Vibrational motion is a back-and-forth movement of an object about a fixed point.
- Oscillatory motion is a periodic movement of an object between two fixed points.
Describing Motion
- Displacement is the distance between an object's initial and final positions.
- Distance is the total length of the path traveled by an object.
- Speed is the rate of change of distance with respect to time, measured in meters per second (m/s).
- Velocity is the rate of change of displacement with respect to time, measured in meters per second (m/s).
- Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time, measured in meters per second squared (m/s²).
Equations of Motion
- v = u + at describes the motion of an object with initial velocity u, accelerating at a rate of a for a time t.
- s = ut + (1/2)at^2 describes the motion of an object with initial velocity u, accelerating at a rate of a for a time t, covering a distance s.
- v^2 = u^2 + 2as describes the motion of an object with initial velocity u, accelerating at a rate of a, covering a distance s.
Graphical Analysis
- Position-time graphs show an object's position as a function of time.
- Velocity-time graphs show an object's velocity as a function of time.
- Acceleration-time graphs show an object's acceleration as a function of time.
Important Concepts
- Inertia is an object's tendency to resist changes in its motion.
- Newton's First Law states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue to move with a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force.
- A frame of reference is a fixed point of view from which motion is observed and measured.
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