Questions and Answers
What is the definition of Geocentric Solar System?
What is the definition of Heliocentric Solar System?
What is Retrograde Motion?
Apparent backwards looping motion of the planets.
What did the Copernican Revolution state?
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What is Occam's razor?
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Who is Isaac Newton?
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What is Newton's 1st Law of Motion?
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What does Newton's 2nd Law of Motion state?
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What is Newton's 3rd Law of Motion?
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What two forces keep planets orbiting around the Sun?
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Which of the following are Terrestrial Planets?
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Which of the following are Jovian Planets?
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What are the 3 interior layers of the Sun?
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What are the atmospheres of the Sun?
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What does Kepler's 1st Law of Planetary Motion state?
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What does Kepler's 2nd Law of Planetary Motion explain?
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What is Kepler's 3rd Law of Planetary Motion?
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According to the Harmonic Law, the planets that are closer to the Sun have ________ periods of revolution and travel more ________ on their orbital paths.
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Example of the Harmonic Law: If Jupiter's distance from the Sun is 5.2 AU, what is the period of revolution?
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Who is Galileo Galilei?
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What is the Greenhouse Effect?
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Study Notes
Solar System Models
- Geocentric Solar System: Earth-centered model where planets revolve around the Earth.
- Heliocentric Solar System: Sun-centered model proposed by Copernicus, stating that planets revolve around the sun.
- Retrograde Motion: Apparent backward looping motion of planets, observed in the heliocentric model.
Copernican Revolution
- Copernicus (1473-1543): Proposed the heliocentric model, contradicting the geocentric view. Established that planets revolve around the sun.
- Occam's Razor: Principle suggesting that the simplest theory with the fewest assumptions is preferred.
Isaac Newton's Contributions
- Isaac Newton (1642-1727): Key figure in physics, known for the law of gravitation and principles of motion.
- Newton's 1st Law of Motion: Describes inertia; an object in rest or uniform motion stays that way unless acted upon by a force.
- Newton's 2nd Law of Motion: Expressed as F=ma; states that an object's motion is caused by force, mass, and acceleration.
- Newton's 3rd Law of Motion: "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction".
Planetary Motion
- Orbital Forces: Planets orbit the sun due to two forces: inertia and gravity.
- Terrestrial Planets: Include Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars; characterized by rocky surfaces.
- Jovian Planets: Gas giants including Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
Structure of the Sun
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Interior Layers:
- Core: Site of nuclear fusion, primarily helium and hydrogen.
- Radioactive Zone: Energy is transferred through radiation.
- Convective Zone: Energy is released via convection.
Sun's Atmosphere
- Photosphere: Visible surface of the sun, emits light with a temperature around 5800 K.
- Chromosphere: Layer of the sun's atmosphere, transparent to light.
- Corona: Outer atmosphere, visible during solar eclipses.
Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion
- Kepler's 1st Law: Planets travel in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus.
- Kepler's 2nd Law: A line from a planet to the sun sweeps equal areas in equal times, indicating variable speeds of planetary motion.
- Kepler's 3rd Law (Harmonic Law): Relationship between the period (P) of revolution and distance (D) from the sun: P² = D³. Closer planets have shorter orbital periods.
Harmonic Law Example
- If Jupiter is 5.2 AU from the Sun:
- P² = (5.2)³ = 140.6, thus P ≈ 12 years for its period of revolution.
Galileo Galilei
- Galileo (1564-1642): Made significant astronomical observations using the telescope, including sunspots and moons orbiting Jupiter.
- He faced house arrest for advocating the heliocentric model.
Greenhouse Effect
- A natural phenomenon that allows Earth to retain heat from the sun, promoting a habitable climate.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of planetary motion with these flashcards. Learn terms like 'Geocentric' and 'Heliocentric' as well as important historical figures, such as Copernicus. This quiz is perfect for anyone studying astronomy and the evolution of our understanding of the solar system.