Questions and Answers
What is the characteristic of an object in uniform motion?
What is the definition of acceleration?
What is the graph of distance-time for an object in uniform motion?
What is the characteristic of an object undergoing acceleration?
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What is the type of acceleration that results in a decrease in velocity?
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What is the graph of velocity-time for an object undergoing acceleration?
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What is the force required for an object to undergo acceleration?
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What is the characteristic of an object undergoing retardation?
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Study Notes
Motion in a Straight Line
Uniform Motion
- Definition: Motion of an object in a straight line with a constant velocity (speed and direction).
- Characteristics:
- Constant speed
- Constant direction
- No acceleration
- Distance-time graph is a straight line
- Velocity-time graph is a horizontal line
- Examples:
- A car moving on a straight road with a constant speed
- A ball rolling on a flat surface with no friction
Acceleration
- Definition: The rate of change of velocity with respect to time.
- Characteristics:
- Increase in velocity
- Change in direction
- Force is applied in the direction of motion
- Distance-time graph is a curved line
- Velocity-time graph is a sloping line
- Types of acceleration:
- Positive acceleration: increase in velocity (e.g., a car accelerating from rest)
- Negative acceleration: decrease in velocity (e.g., a car slowing down)
Retardation
- Definition: The rate of change of velocity in the opposite direction of motion, resulting in a decrease in velocity.
- Characteristics:
- Decrease in velocity
- Force is applied in the opposite direction of motion
- Distance-time graph is a curved line
- Velocity-time graph is a sloping line with a negative slope
- Examples:
- A car slowing down to stop
- A ball rolling on a rough surface, experiencing frictional force
Motion in a Straight Line
Uniform Motion
- Motion with constant velocity (speed and direction) in a straight line
- Characteristics of uniform motion:
- Constant speed, no increase or decrease
- Constant direction, no change in path
- No acceleration, no change in velocity
- Distance-time graph is a straight line, indicating equal distances covered in equal time intervals
- Velocity-time graph is a horizontal line, indicating constant velocity
- Examples of uniform motion:
- A car moving on a straight road with a constant speed, no acceleration or deceleration
- A ball rolling on a flat surface with no friction, maintaining constant velocity
Acceleration
- Rate of change of velocity with respect to time, resulting in an increase in velocity
- Characteristics of acceleration:
- Increase in velocity, resulting in faster motion
- Change in direction, possible with acceleration
- Force is applied in the direction of motion, causing acceleration
- Distance-time graph is a curved line, indicating unequal distances covered in equal time intervals
- Velocity-time graph is a sloping line, indicating increasing velocity
- Types of acceleration:
- Positive acceleration: increase in velocity, e.g., a car accelerating from rest
- Negative acceleration: decrease in velocity, but not retardation, e.g., a car slowing down, but still moving forward
Retardation
- Rate of change of velocity in the opposite direction of motion, resulting in a decrease in velocity
- Characteristics of retardation:
- Decrease in velocity, resulting in slower motion
- Force is applied in the opposite direction of motion, causing retardation
- Distance-time graph is a curved line, indicating unequal distances covered in equal time intervals
- Velocity-time graph is a sloping line with a negative slope, indicating decreasing velocity
- Examples of retardation:
- A car slowing down to stop, experiencing a decrease in velocity
- A ball rolling on a rough surface, experiencing frictional force, resulting in a decrease in velocity
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Description
Understand the concepts of uniform motion and acceleration, including their definitions, characteristics, and examples in a straight line motion scenario.