Motion in a Straight Line - Concepts

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of one-dimensional motion?

  • Train running on a straight track (correct)
  • Landing of an aircraft
  • Motion of wheels of moving train
  • Earth revolving around the sun

The coordinates of an object with respect to a frame of reference at t = 0 s are (-1, 0, 3). If t = 5 s, its coordinates are (-1, 0, 4), then the object is in

  • rest position between t=0s and t=5s
  • motion along Z-axis (correct)
  • motion along X-axis
  • motion along Y-axis

A person moves towards east for 3m, then towards north for 4m and then moves vertically up by 5m. What is his distance now from the starting point?

  • 10 m
  • 5m
  • 5√2 m (correct)
  • 20 m

For a stationary object at x = 40 m, the position-time graph is

<p>x (m) 40 20 0, 10 20 30 40 →t(s) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The displacement of a car is given as -240 m, here negative sign indicates

<p>direction of displacement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Snehit starts from his home and walks 50 m towards north, then he turns towards east and walks 40 m, and then reaches his school after moving 20 m towards south. Then, his displacement from his home to school is

<p>50 m (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A vehicle travels half the distance l with speed $v_1$ and the other half with speed $v_2$, then its average speed is

<p>$\frac{2v_1 v_2}{v_1 + v_2}$ (A), $\frac{2v_1 v_2}{v_1 + v_2}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A runner starts from O and comes back to O following path OQRO in 1h. What is his net displacement and average speed?

<p>0, 3.57 km/h (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sign (+ ve or - ve) of the average velocity depends only upon

<p>the sign of displacement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find the average velocity, when a particle completes the circle of radius 1 m in 10 s.

<p>zero (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The displacement-time graph of two moving particles make angles of 30° and 45° with the X-axis. The ratio of their velocities is

<p>1 : √3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In figure, displacement-time (x - t) graph given below, the average velocity between time t = 5 s and t = 7 s is

<p>8.7 ms⁻¹ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Figure shows the x-t plot of a particle in one-dimensional motion. Two different equal intervals of time show speed in time intervals 1 and 2 respectively, then

<p>Data insufficient (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the x-t graph given below, the v - t graph is shown correctly in

<p>v (ms⁻¹) 0 t(s) (A), v (ms⁻¹) 0 t(s) (B), v (ms⁻¹) 0 t(s) (C), v (ms⁻¹) 0 t(s) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The speed-time graph of a particle moving along a fixed direction is as shown in the figure. The distance traversed by the particle between t = 0 s to t = 10 s is

<p>60 m (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an object is moving in a straight line, then

<p>Both (a) and (b) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In one dimensional motion, instantaneous speed v satisfies 0 ≤ vv. Then

<p>displacement x in time <em>T</em> satisfies -_v_T &lt; x &lt; _v_T (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The x-t equation is given as x = 2t + 1. The corresponding v-t graph is

<p>a straight line not passing through origin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The displacement x of an object is given as a function of time, x = 2t + 3t². The instantaneous velocity of the object at t = 2 s is

<p>14 ms⁻¹ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The displacement of a particle starting from rest (at t = 0) is given by s = 6t² - t³. The time in seconds at which the particle will attain zero velocity again is

<p>4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A car moves along a straight line according to the x-t graph given below. The instantaneous velocity of the car at t = t₁ is

<p>zero (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A particle moves in a straight line. It can be accelerated

<p>Either by changing its speed or direction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An object is moving along the path OABO with constant speed, then

<p>Both (b) and (c) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The average velocity of a body moving with uniform acceleration travelling a distance of 3.06 m is 0.34 ms⁻¹. If the change in velocity of the body is 0.18 ms⁻¹ during this time, its uniform acceleration is

<p>0.02 ms⁻² (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The slope of the straight line connecting the points corresponding to (v₂, t₂) and (v₁, t₁) on a plot of velocity versus time gives

<p>average acceleration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The displacement x of a particle at time t along a straight line is given by x = α - βt + γt². The acceleration of the particle is

<p>2γ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The displacement (in metre) of a particle moving along X-axis is given by x = 18t + 5t². The average acceleration during the interval t₁ = 2s and t₂ = 4 s is

<p>10 ms⁻² (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The relation between time and distance is t = ax² + βx, where α and β are constants. The retardation is

<p>2αv³ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The v-t graph of a moving object is shown in the figure. The maximum acceleration is

<p>6 cms⁻² (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The resulting a-t graph for the given v-t graph is correctly represented in

<p>a (ms⁻²) 0 t (s) (A), a (ms⁻²) 0 t (s) (B), a (ms⁻²) 0 t (s) (C), a (ms⁻²) 0 t (s) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Rest

The state when an object's position does not change over time.

Motion

The state when an object's position continuously changes over time.

Rectilinear Motion

Motion along a straight line.

Circular Motion

Motion along a circular path.

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Oscillatory Motion

Motion that moves to and fro about a point.

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Point Object

An object that is considered to have no size compared to the distance traveled.

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Position

The specific point where an object is located.

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Path Length/Distance

The total distance covered by an object in a given time interval.

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Displacement

The change in position of an object in a specific direction.

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Velocity

The rate of change of position or displacement with time.

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Speed

The distance covered by an object divided by the time taken.

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Uniform Motion

Motion in which equal distances are covered in equal time intervals.

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Non-uniform Motion

Motion where unequal distances are covered in equal time intervals.

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Acceleration

The rate of change of velocity with time.

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Kinematic Equations

Equations that relate displacement, velocity, acceleration, and time.

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Instantaneous Velocity

The velocity of an object at a specific moment in time.

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Average Velocity

The total displacement divided by the total time taken.

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Relative Velocity

The velocity of one object as observed from another object.

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Stopping Distance

The distance a vehicle travels before coming to a stop.

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Non-uniformly Accelerated Motion

Motion where acceleration changes over time.

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Equations of Motion

Equations that describe the motion of objects under specific conditions.

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Acceleration-Time Graph

A graph that shows how acceleration varies over time.

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Velocity-Time Graph

A graph that shows how velocity varies with time.

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Distance-Time Graph

A graph depicting how distance changes over time.

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Slope of Graph

The steepness of a line on a graph representing change in one variable over another.

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Instantaneous Speed

The speed of an object at a particular moment.

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Study Notes

Motion in a Straight Line

  • Rest: An object is at rest if its position does not change relative to its surroundings over time. Examples include a book on a table, a person sitting.

  • Motion: An object is in motion if its position continuously changes relative to its surroundings over time. Examples include insects crawling, water flowing.

  • Rectilinear Motion: Motion along a straight line. Example: A sliding body on an inclined plane.

  • Circular Motion: Motion in a circular path. Example: A string whirled in a circular loop.

  • Oscillatory Motion: Motion back and forth about a fixed point. Example: A pendulum.

  • One-Dimensional Motion (1-D): Motion that requires only one coordinate to specify the object's position.

  • Two-Dimensional Motion (2-D): Motion that requires two coordinates to specify the object's position, occurring in a plane. Example: A satellite orbiting Earth.

  • Three-Dimensional Motion (3-D): Motion requiring three coordinates to specify the object's position. Example: A butterfly flying in a garden.

  • Point Object: An object whose size is significantly smaller than the distance it travels in a reasonable time. Example: Earth in its orbit.

  • Position: The location of an object.

  • Path Length/Distance: The total length of the path covered by an object. It is a scalar quantity.

  • Displacement: The change in position of an object in a specific direction, calculated as the difference between the final and initial positions. It is a vector quantity, having both magnitude and direction

  • Speed: The distance travelled per unit time, a scalar quantity.

  • Velocity: The rate of change of position (displacement) per unit time, a vector quantity.

  • Average Speed: Total distance traveled divided by the total time taken.

  • Average Velocity: Total displacement divided by the total time taken.

  • Instantaneous Speed: The speed at a particular instant, found by taking the limit of average speed as the time interval approaches zero.

  • Instantaneous Velocity: The velocity at a particular instant, found by taking the limit of average velocity as the time interval approaches zero.

  • Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity over time. A vector quantity.

  • Uniform Acceleration: The acceleration remains constant over time.

  • Non-uniform Acceleration: Acceleration changes over time.

  • Kinematic Equations: Equations describing motion under constant acceleration.

Other Concepts

  • Displacement-time graph: A graph showing the relationship between displacement and time.
  • Velocity-time graph: A graph showing the relationship between velocity and time.
  • Acceleration-time graph: A graph showing the relationship between acceleration and time.
  • Relative Velocity: The velocity of one object relative to another.

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