Motion and Time Studies Flashcards

Study Notes

Motion and Time Study Purpose

Aim to develop efficient systems with minimal cost, time, and effort.
Standardization of the preferred methods is essential.
Focus on measuring the time it takes for trained individuals to complete specific tasks.
Provides a framework for training workers in the most efficient methods.

Motion Study

Concentrates on the design of work methods to enhance efficiency.

Time Study

Involves measuring work to assess and improve productivity.

Historic Origins

Originated from Frederick Winslow Taylor's work in 1881, known as the Father of Scientific Management.
Developed systematic methods to improve labor productivity and reduce costs.

Taylorism

Aims to eliminate idle time and inefficiencies in work processes.
Focus on streamlining work flows and rearranging task sequences for optimized performance.
Advocates for breaking down jobs into repetitive tasks, reducing skill requirements, and increasing reliance on machines.

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth's Contributions

Their work in the 1920s emphasized studying bodily motions to find the most effective work methods.
Identified the importance of eliminating unnecessary movements and simplifying necessary actions for efficiency.

Therbligs

Fundamental motions of the human body, an acronym derived from "Gilbreth" spelled backward.
Each motion is associated with a specific color and symbol for ease of reference.

Time Study Essentials

Involves measuring the time taken for various components of an activity to redesign processes and establish standard times.

Pre-Study Considerations

Define task elements and establish start/end points.
Ensure clear definitions of activities and tasks, accounting for parallel actions.

Time Study Requirements

Necessitates a trained time study operator, timer, skilled worker, and possibly video equipment for observation.

Time Study Procedure

Initial observations of work methods are conducted.
Jobs are analyzed and broken down into elemental motions (therbligs).
The most suitable operator is selected for study.
Time for each element is recorded through multiple cycles.
Performance ratings (Westinghouse system) are calculated based on skill and conditions.
Normal time and standard time are calculated using established formulas that factor in allowances for breaks and other delays.

Allowance Factors

Account for interruptions and slowdowns that occur during work periods.
Common allowances cover personal breaks, fatigue from strenuous work, and unavoidable delays due to equipment or material issues.

Allowance Factor Formula

Allowance Factor is calculated to determine standard time using the ratio of available time to total allowances.

Predetermined Time Standards (PDTS)

An approach used to evaluate repetitive tasks, consisting of breaking down jobs into basic motion units with predefined time values.
Total job time is computed by summing the time values of these basic motions.

Methods-Time Measurement (MTM) System

Provides time data in Measurement Time Units (TMUs), where 1 TMU equates to 0.036 seconds.
Aids in finding standardized codes for various tasks.

Work Sampling

Involves capturing samples of work activities across time periods rather than focusing on individual tasks.
Helps provide a comprehensive overview of worker activities and time allocation.

Work Sampling Procedures

Initial samples are taken to gauge parameters like worker activity levels.
Size of samples is determined to achieve statistically valid results.
Schedules for worker observations are prepared to document activity distribution.

Recap on Job Evaluation and Design

PDTS ideal for detailed, repetitive manual assembly tasks, useful for comparing task times and methods across layouts but time-consuming.
Time Studies suitable for reasonably repetitive tasks including assembly and computer transactions, aiding productivity assessments.

Description

Explore the key concepts of motion and time studies through these flashcards. Learn about the purpose, design, and methods involved in optimizing work processes. Perfect for students and professionals looking to enhance their understanding of efficiency in work settings.