Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of leaf is characterized by having a single leaf blade?
Which type of leaf is characterized by having a single leaf blade?
What is the unique feature of the leaflets in a compound leaf?
What is the unique feature of the leaflets in a compound leaf?
Which arrangement of leaves involves a single leaf at each node?
Which arrangement of leaves involves a single leaf at each node?
What term describes leaves that arise in pairs from each node?
What term describes leaves that arise in pairs from each node?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of leaf modification is found in xerophytic plants like Opuntia?
Which type of leaf modification is found in xerophytic plants like Opuntia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement best describes the primary function of root hairs?
Which statement best describes the primary function of root hairs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main characteristic of the meristematic region of the root?
What is the main characteristic of the meristematic region of the root?
Signup and view all the answers
Which region of the root is primarily involved in the elongation of root cells?
Which region of the root is primarily involved in the elongation of root cells?
Signup and view all the answers
How do roots typically respond to light?
How do roots typically respond to light?
Signup and view all the answers
In which region do lateral roots develop from the primary root?
In which region do lateral roots develop from the primary root?
Signup and view all the answers
What function does the root cap serve?
What function does the root cap serve?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements accurately describes the roots' geotropic response?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the roots' geotropic response?
Signup and view all the answers
What characteristic distinguishes the root from other parts of the plant?
What characteristic distinguishes the root from other parts of the plant?
Signup and view all the answers
What are stipules and what role do they play in a leaf?
What are stipules and what role do they play in a leaf?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes petiolate leaves from non-petiolate leaves?
What distinguishes petiolate leaves from non-petiolate leaves?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of venation features veins arranged in a net-like pattern?
Which type of venation features veins arranged in a net-like pattern?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the petiole in a leaf?
What is the primary function of the petiole in a leaf?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the defining feature of dorsiventral leaves?
What is the defining feature of dorsiventral leaves?
Signup and view all the answers
Where are stipulates found on a leaf?
Where are stipulates found on a leaf?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of leaves have veins that run parallel to each other?
What type of leaves have veins that run parallel to each other?
Signup and view all the answers
Which functional role does the lamina play in a leaf?
Which functional role does the lamina play in a leaf?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of root is described as swollen and fleshy, and serves primarily for food storage?
Which type of root is described as swollen and fleshy, and serves primarily for food storage?
Signup and view all the answers
What primary function does the stem NOT perform?
What primary function does the stem NOT perform?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the plant is defined as the ascending part of the plant axis that develops from the plumule?
Which part of the plant is defined as the ascending part of the plant axis that develops from the plumule?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of bud develops into branches?
Which type of bud develops into branches?
Signup and view all the answers
Which modification of stem is primarily used for storage?
Which modification of stem is primarily used for storage?
Signup and view all the answers
What characteristic of stems indicates they can produce dissimilar organs?
What characteristic of stems indicates they can produce dissimilar organs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of root has a characteristic shape and is illustrated by vegetables like carrots?
Which type of root has a characteristic shape and is illustrated by vegetables like carrots?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the orientation of stems in relation to light?
Which of the following best describes the orientation of stems in relation to light?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of tubers?
What is the primary function of tubers?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement is true about bulbs?
Which statement is true about bulbs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which underground modification grows horizontally?
Which underground modification grows horizontally?
Signup and view all the answers
What differentiates tubers from rhizomes?
What differentiates tubers from rhizomes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of bulb is formed when fleshy scale leaves surround the apical bud in concentric rings?
Which type of bulb is formed when fleshy scale leaves surround the apical bud in concentric rings?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the structure of a leaf primarily specialized for?
What is the structure of a leaf primarily specialized for?
Signup and view all the answers
Which characteristic is NOT true about leaves?
Which characteristic is NOT true about leaves?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of underground modification does NOT store food material?
What type of underground modification does NOT store food material?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of roots in plants?
What is the primary function of roots in plants?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes a tap root system?
What characterizes a tap root system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following plants is an example of having a tap root?
Which of the following plants is an example of having a tap root?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of root system is known for developing from the base of the stem in monocots?
Which type of root system is known for developing from the base of the stem in monocots?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common modification of tap roots?
What is a common modification of tap roots?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of roots may perform photosynthesis?
Which type of roots may perform photosynthesis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is NOT a characteristic of adventitious root systems?
What is NOT a characteristic of adventitious root systems?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary characteristic of fibrous root systems?
What is a primary characteristic of fibrous root systems?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Flowering plants are composed of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds.
- Each part plays a specific role in the plant's survival and reproduction.
Morphology of Roots
- Definition: The descending part of the plant axis.
- Geotropism: Positively geotropic (grows towards gravity).
- Hydrotropism: Positively hydrotropic (grows towards water).
- Phototropism: Negatively phototropic (grows away from light).
- Development: Develops from the radicle of the embryo during seed germination.
- Structure: Non-green and cylindrical.
- Organ Production: Produces only similar organs (secondary and tertiary roots).
- Nodes and Internodes: Does not exhibit nodes and internodes.
Regions of the Root
- Root Cap: Protects the tender apex, secretes mucilage to lubricate passage through soil.
- Meristematic Region: A small region with densely packed dividing cells, responsible for growth.
- Region of Elongation: Lies above the meristematic region; cells elongate rapidly, increasing root length. Helps absorb mineral salts.
- Region of Maturation/Differentiation: The major part of the root; enlarged cells differentiate into various tissues (e.g., cortex, endodermis, xylem, phloem). Conducts absorbed substances and creates lateral roots.
- Region of Root Hairs: The outer layer has numerous root hairs that increase the surface area for absorption.
Functions of Roots
- Primary: Anchoring, absorbing water and minerals from the soil, conduction of absorbed materials.
- Secondary (Modifications): Storage of food, photosynthesis, respiration, moisture absorption, in some cases.
Types of Root Systems
-
Taproot:
- Develops from the radicle.
- Primary root is the main root.
- Secondary and tertiary roots branch off.
- Typically found in dicots.
- Grows vertically downwards or obliquely or horizontally outwards.
-
Adventitious:
- Develops from any part of the plant other than the radicle.
- Often found in monocots.
- Forms a dense network of equal sized roots.
- Modified taproots and adventitious systems can be further specialized for specific functions (e.g., storage of food, support).
Morphology of Stems
- Definition: The ascending part of the plant axis.
- Position: Develops from the plumule.
- Directional Growth: Usually negatively hydrotropic, negatively geotropic, and positively phototropic.
- Buds: Bears terminal and axillary buds for growth.
- Nodes and Internodes: Differentiated into nodes (where buds and leaves develop) and internodes (regions between nodes).
- Organ Origin: Produces dissimilar organs (leaves and flowers) and similar organs (branches) exogenously from the outer tissue.
- Photosynthesis: The young stem is green and capable of performing photosynthesis.
Functions of Stems
- Primary: Produce lateral appendages, conduct water and minerals, transport food.
- Secondary (Modifications): Store food and water, propagation/proliferation, support for climbing, photosynthesis.
Types of Modified Stems
- Underground: Rhizome, tuber, corm, bulb.
- Sub-aerial: Runner, stolon, offset, sucker.
- Aerial: Tendril, thorn, phylloclade, cladode, bulbil.
Morphology of Leaves
- Structure: A lateral appendage of the stem, flattened and green.
- Origin: Exogenous in origin
- Site of Attachment: Located at the node, and axillary bud may be present in its axil.
- Function: Specialized to perform photosynthesis, possessing limited growth.
-
Parts of Leaf:
- Leaf base: The part attached to the stem/branch.
- Petiole: Connects the leaf blade to the stem/branch.
- Lamina (Leaf blade): the flattened, green part. Vital for photosynthesis, gaseous exchange, and transpiration.
-
Venation: Arrangement of veins and veinlets within the lamina.
- Reticulate: Network of veins in dicots
- Parallel: Veins run parallel to each other in monocots.
-
Types:
- Simple Leaf: A single leaf blade.
-
Compound Leaf: Leaf blade divided into leaflets or pinnae.
- Pinnately Compound: Leaflets attached on each side of the rachis.
- Palmately Compound: Leaflets attached at a common point, like fingers of a palm.
Arrangement of Leaves on Stem
- Alternate: One leaf per node
- Opposite: Two leaves per node, across from each other.
- Whorled: More than two leaves per node, in a circular pattern.
Modifications of Leaves
- Leaf spines: Structures used for reduced transpiration in xerophytic plants (e.g., Opuntia).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the structure and function of flowering plants, focusing on roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. Understand the unique characteristics and growth patterns of the plant's morphology, including phototropism, hydrotropism, and geotropism.
