Morphological Traits of Fungi

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Questions and Answers

How do protists obtain nutrients?

  • Engulfing other cells
  • Absorbing inorganic molecules from the environment
  • Performing photosynthesis
  • Ingesting packets of food (correct)

What process can help decrease atmospheric CO2 levels?

  • Endosymbiosis
  • Ingestion
  • Photosynthesis (correct)
  • Mitosis

Which of the following is NOT a morphological innovation evolved in protists?

  • Mitochondria
  • Cell wall (correct)
  • Cytoskeleton
  • Nucleus and endomembrane system

When did the origin of mitochondria through endosymbiosis occur?

<p>2 billion years ago (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the earliest eukaryotes likely move?

<p>Swimming using flagella (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two growth forms of fungi?

<p>Single-celled and multicellular (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are hyphae?

<p>Long, narrow filaments of mycelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of septa in fungal filaments?

<p>To allow rapid movement of nutrients throughout the mycelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of coenocytic fungi?

<p>Scattered nuclei throughout the mycelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are fungi related in terms of evolution to land plants and animals?

<p>More closely related to animals than to land plants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lineage of fungi is responsible for rotting fruits and vegetables?

<p>Zygomycetes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lineage of fungi comprises the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi?

<p>Glomeromycota (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lineage of fungi encompasses the 'club fungi'?

<p>Basidiomycota (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lineage of fungi is common in freshwater and many have enzymes for digesting cellulose?

<p>Chytrids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lineage of fungi encompasses the 'sac fungi'?

<p>Ascomycota (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes fungal infections more difficult to treat than bacterial infections in humans?

<p>Recent shared ancestry resulting in similar cellular and molecular structures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mycorrhizal fungi grows inside root cell walls?

<p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fungal reproductive structure is characteristic of zygomycetes?

<p>Cells from yoked hyphae fusing to form spore-producing structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fungi is known for producing spores through basidia?

<p>Basidiomycetes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why fungi often participate in symbiotic relationships with plants?

<p>To obtain nutrients from the plants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are AMF (Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) also called endomycorrhizal fungi?

<p>Because they grow inside root cell walls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method of gene transfer involves viruses picking up DNA from one prokaryotic cell and transferring it to another cell?

<p>Transduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria has a plasma membrane surrounded by a cell wall with extensive peptidoglycan?

<p>Gram-positive bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of photosynthesis, performed by cyanobacteria, significantly increased the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere?

<p>Oxygenic photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lineage of bacteria are common in the human gut and aid in digestive processes?

<p>Firmicutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which domain of life is characterized by having a membrane-bounded nucleus and more organelles than bacteria and archaea?

<p>Domain Eukarya (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of eukaryotic lineages include Opisthokonta and Amoebozoa forming a monophyletic group?

<p>Unikonta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to all eukaryotes except land plants, fungi, and animals?

<p>Protista (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difficulty in defining overall patterns in protist evolution?

<p>No common set of synapomorphies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do most protists obtain food according to the text?

<p>By phagocytosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Gram-positive bacteria from Gram-negative bacteria according to the text?

<p>Cell wall composition with extensive peptidoglycan in Gram-positive bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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