33 Questions
What is responsible for activating the secretion of milk in lactating mammary glands?
Prolactin
Which type of cells are partially surrounded by a meshwork of myoepithelial cells in the acini?
Epithelial glandular cells
What is the protein-rich fluid that engorges the breasts in preparation for newborns?
Colostrum
Which organelle is abundant in the secretory cells of lactating mammary glands?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
What type of cells are indicated by the arrows in the higher magnification of an active mammary gland?
Plasma cells
What type of cells become cuboidal with nuclei positioned at the basal cell surface in the third trimester?
Epithelial glandular cells
What stimulates the proliferation of lactiferous duct components during the proliferative phase?
Estrogen
Which type of epithelium lines the lactiferous ducts?
Stratified squamous (keratinized) epithelium
Which cells are nonfunctional in the mammary gland?
Myoepithelial cells
During which phase do women perceive tenderness and a progressive increase of breast tissue mass?
Luteal phase
What characterizes the first trimester of development during pregnancy in relation to mammary glands?
Branching of the terminal ductules
Which cells infiltrate the intralobular connective tissue stroma during pregnancy?
Plasma cells
Which pathway involves exocytosis of milk protein and lactose in Golgi-derived secretory vesicles?
Pathway II
What is the main function of plasma cells?
Production of Immunoglobulin A dimers
Which cell process involves the secretion of ions and water across the apical membrane?
Exocytosis of milk protein and lactose
What type of pathway involves the paracellular transport of plasma components and leukocytes?
Pathway V
In what organelle are milk protein and lactose exocytosed before secretion?
Secretory vesicle
Which process involves pinocytosis and exocytosis of immunoglobulins?
Exocytosis of milk protein and lactose
Plasma cells are abundant in the lactating mammary glands.
False
The myoepithelial cells partially surround the cuboidal acinar cells in the mammary glands.
True
The terminal duct-lobular unit looks different during lactation compared to non-pregnancy.
True
Hypertrophy of secretory cells contributes to breast enlargement during pregnancy.
True
The main function of plasma cells in lactating mammary glands is to secrete milk proteins.
False
Oxytocin triggers the contraction of myoepithelial cells surrounding alveoli.
True
Colostrum is secreted from mammary glands on the 4th day after birth.
False
Milk composition includes 2% lipids.
False
Lactogenesis stage II occurs as progesterone levels rise after delivery of the placenta.
False
Water makes up 87% of milk composition.
True
Lactogenesis stage III marks an indefinite period of milk production known as galactopoiesis.
True
Lactose constitutes 7% of milk composition.
True
Immunoglobulin A provides temporary passive defense before infants develop their secretory IgA.
True
During lactogenesis, prolactin and human placental lactogen are essential hormones for alveolar development.
True
The milk ejection reflex involves the expression of milk from alveoli to ducts.
True
Test your knowledge on the morphologic changes in mammary glands during the menstrual cycle, including the effects of estrogen and progesterone, lactiferous duct components, and clinical manifestations like breast tenderness and tissue mass increase.
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