Морал налоги: Аралашура культура

Culture in Moral Behavior

• Culture is the sum total of learned behavior within a group, passed down through generations. It's considered the tradition of that group.
• Culture is cultivated behavior, encompassing a person's learned experiences, socially transmitted. It's essentially a person's behavior learned through social interaction.
• Culture is symbolic communication. Symbols include skills, knowledge, attitudes, values, and motives. These meanings are learned and reinforced within the culture.
• Culture includes all learned aspects of life, like attitudes, morality, etiquette, perceptions of reality, language, notions of proper conduct, and beliefs about gender roles.
• Culture shapes a person's moral values and ethical norms.
• Culture impacts how people view behaviors and interactions.

Culture's Role in Moral Behavior

• Culture is a "way of life" that includes values, behaviors, knowledge, and beliefs passed down through generations.
• Culture establishes moral values and behaviors.
• Children learn cultural interpretations of the world from their parents and community.
• People learn what is considered "right" and "wrong" based on their culture.
• It's difficult to develop in a culture without being shaped by its moral values and principles.
• Learning culture is a core part of human development.

Culture

• Culture reflects moral values and ethical norms that govern people's behavior and interactions.
• Culture describes a group's perspectives, values, objectives, and practices.
• Cultures differ across time periods, countries, and geographical regions.

Moral Behavior

• Moral behavior is actions that create good outcomes for community members.
• It applies to the broader global human society.
• Moral behavior reflects a person's values and guidelines.
• Children display prosocial and moral behavior when sharing, helping, cooperating, communicating, sympathizing, and caring.

Factors Influencing Moral Behavior: Family

• Family is the basic unit in society.
• It includes biological or adoptive family.
• Family provides basic needs for survival and development.

Factors Influencing Moral Behavior: School

• School includes formal or informal educational systems.
• Schools address learning needs.

Factors Influencing Moral Behavior: Church

• Church determines right and wrong behaviors based on faith.
• Church is a group of believers with shared faith.

Factors Influencing Moral Behavior: Mass Media

• Mass media includes institutions like radio, television, and print.
• Mass media aims to entertain, inform, and educate.

Asian and Filipino Moral Behavior

• Moral behavior follows one's moral values and standards.
• Children demonstrate prosocial and moral behavior through sharing, cooperating, communicating, sympathizing, and expressing care.

Norms

• Norms are expectations of proper behavior; not requirements.
• Norms describe how individuals in a situation are expected to behave.
• Norms are informal guides for acceptable social behavior within a group.

Types of Norms

• Formal norms are based on societal laws.
• Informal norms depend on cultural and social contexts.

The Filipino Way

• Filipino culture blends Eastern and Western influences.
• Pre-colonial Filipino beliefs and traditions were primarily indigenous Malay.
• Spanish colonization and American influence heavily shaped modern Filipino culture.

Pakikisama

• Pakikisama is maintaining good public relations and avoiding conflict.
• This often involves adhering to group expectations even if it potentially causes conflict.
• Pakikisama sometimes means going along with something even if it goes against one's inner feelings.

Hiya

• Hiya refers to feelings of shame, embarrassment, lowliness, shyness, and inhibition.
• It's a concern with how one appears to others.
• It can lead to fear of losing face and may restrict behavior.

Amor Propio

• Amor propio emphasizes personal dignity, honor, and self-respect.
• It protects personal dignity and honor and can lead people to avoid criticism.
• This can lead to defensiveness and intolerance.

Utang na Loob

• Utang na loob signifies obligation and responsibility.
• It's based on reciprocity and includes debts, expectations, and commitments.
• It promotes harmony and balancing obligations among people in the community.

Filipino Hospitality

• Filipino hospitality is characterized by courtesy and entertainment of guests.
• Filipinos are often known to be welcoming and accommodating.
• Expressions like "tuloy kayo" (come in) reflect Filipino hospitality.

Respect to Elders

• Filipinos show respect to elders through unique expressions, like "po" and "opo" or "pagmamano".
• Respect for elders is linked to community harmony and family relationships.
• Failure to show respect can lead to negative social consequences.

How Does Moral Character Develop?

• Moral character is based on principles of right and wrong, and personal goodness.
• Character encompasses a person's mental and moral qualities.
• Moral character involves virtues like honesty, integrity, courage, fortitude, and loyalty.

Philosophical Views on Moral Character: Confucian Traditions

• Confucian philosophy emphasizes moral development in terms of four beginnings: Compassion, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom. This is linked to individual actions and values.

Stages of Moral Development: Lawrence Kohlberg

• Kohlberg explored the development of moral understanding in children.
• He proposed several stages of moral development, progressing from a self-centered perspective to a broader concern for society.

Stages of Moral Development: Level 1: Pre-Conventional Morality

• Judgment at this stage is self-centered.
• Actions are based on avoiding punishment or receiving rewards.

Stages of Moral Development: Level 2: Conventional Morality

• Moral judgments become influenced by expectations within one's group.
• Actions are motivated by approval from others.

Stages of Moral Development: Level 3: Post-Conventional Morality

• Individuals recognize the unique worth of people within society.
• Moral reasoning focuses on principles over societal expectations.