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Questions and Answers
What are the two main components of mood disorders discussed in the text?
What are the two main components of mood disorders discussed in the text?
Which treatment for depression involves the use of electrical currents to induce controlled seizures in the brain?
Which treatment for depression involves the use of electrical currents to induce controlled seizures in the brain?
What is one of the life span developmental influences on mood disorders discussed in the text?
What is one of the life span developmental influences on mood disorders discussed in the text?
What is one of the causes of mood disorders discussed in the text?
What is one of the causes of mood disorders discussed in the text?
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Which psychological treatment is specifically mentioned for bipolar disorder in the text?
Which psychological treatment is specifically mentioned for bipolar disorder in the text?
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What is one of the statistics discussed in relation to suicide in the text?
What is one of the statistics discussed in relation to suicide in the text?
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What are the expected learning outcomes for psychology students mentioned in the text?
What are the expected learning outcomes for psychology students mentioned in the text?
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What did Katie turn to as a means of escape from her depression?
What did Katie turn to as a means of escape from her depression?
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What were Katie's coping mechanisms mentioned in the text?
What were Katie's coping mechanisms mentioned in the text?
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What impact did Katie's depression have on her daily life?
What impact did Katie's depression have on her daily life?
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What did the narrative emphasize regarding depression?
What did the narrative emphasize regarding depression?
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What was known to Katie's parents and a psychologist, leading to emotional distress?
What was known to Katie's parents and a psychologist, leading to emotional distress?
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What is a characteristic of manic episodes?
What is a characteristic of manic episodes?
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What is a key feature of major depressive episodes according to DSM-5 criteria?
What is a key feature of major depressive episodes according to DSM-5 criteria?
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What is the impact of major depressive and manic episodes?
What is the impact of major depressive and manic episodes?
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What is emphasized in the text regarding mood disorders?
What is emphasized in the text regarding mood disorders?
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What did Katie's preoccupation with death lead to at the age of 16?
What did Katie's preoccupation with death lead to at the age of 16?
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What did Katie's mother do when Katie attempted suicide?
What did Katie's mother do when Katie attempted suicide?
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What is the approximate duration of untreated major depressive episodes?
What is the approximate duration of untreated major depressive episodes?
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How long do hypomanic episodes, as defined by DSM-5, typically last?
How long do hypomanic episodes, as defined by DSM-5, typically last?
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What is the difference between unipolar and bipolar mood disorders?
What is the difference between unipolar and bipolar mood disorders?
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What is a key factor in predicting the future course of major depressive disorder?
What is a key factor in predicting the future course of major depressive disorder?
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What is the characteristic of manic episodes alone in adolescents?
What is the characteristic of manic episodes alone in adolescents?
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What does DSM-5 describe as the most important factors in mood disorders?
What does DSM-5 describe as the most important factors in mood disorders?
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What is the median lifetime number of major depressive episodes?
What is the median lifetime number of major depressive episodes?
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What is the median duration of recurrent major depressive episodes?
What is the median duration of recurrent major depressive episodes?
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What percentage of patients with a major depressive episode report chronicity of the episode for at least two years?
What percentage of patients with a major depressive episode report chronicity of the episode for at least two years?
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What is the defining characteristic of persistent depressive disorder compared to major depressive disorder?
What is the defining characteristic of persistent depressive disorder compared to major depressive disorder?
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What percentage of people suffering from persistent depression with fewer symptoms eventually experience a major depressive episode?
What percentage of people suffering from persistent depression with fewer symptoms eventually experience a major depressive episode?
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What is the relapse rate of depression among people meeting criteria for DSM-IV dysthymia?
What is the relapse rate of depression among people meeting criteria for DSM-IV dysthymia?
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What is the median lifetime number of major depressive episodes experienced by individuals?
What is the median lifetime number of major depressive episodes experienced by individuals?
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What percentage of individuals with single-episode major depressive disorder experience a second episode later?
What percentage of individuals with single-episode major depressive disorder experience a second episode later?
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What is the relapse rate of depression among people meeting criteria for DSM-IV dysthymia?
What is the relapse rate of depression among people meeting criteria for DSM-IV dysthymia?
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How long is persistent depressive disorder defined as depressed mood continuing for?
How long is persistent depressive disorder defined as depressed mood continuing for?
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What is the risk of recurrence in the second year following a major depressive episode?
What is the risk of recurrence in the second year following a major depressive episode?
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What is the median duration of recurrent major depressive episodes?
What is the median duration of recurrent major depressive episodes?
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Study Notes
Understanding and Defining Mood Disorders
- Major depressive episodes are characterized by physical changes, behavioral and emotional shutdown, and anhedonia, lasting approximately four to nine months if untreated.
- Mania is characterized by exaggerated elation, hyperactivity, little sleep, grandiose plans, and rapid, incoherent speech.
- DSM-5 also defines hypomanic episodes, a less severe version of manic episodes, lasting four days and not causing marked impairment.
- Unipolar mood disorder refers to individuals experiencing either depression or mania, while bipolar mood disorder involves alternating between depression and mania.
- Manic episodes alone may be more frequent in adolescents, and individuals can also experience mixed features of depression and mania.
- DSM-5 describes several types of depressive disorders, differing in the frequency, severity, and chronicity of depressive symptoms.
- Major depressive disorder is defined by the presence of depression and the absence of manic or hypomanic episodes, and recurrent episodes are important in predicting the future course of the disorder.
- The two factors that most importantly describe mood disorders are severity and chronicity.
- An occurrence of just one isolated depressive episode in a lifetime is relatively rare, and the presence of two or more separated by at least two months is noted as recurrent.
- The duration of a major depressive episode, if untreated, is approximately four to nine months.
- Mania is associated with extreme pleasure in every activity, hyperactivity, little sleep, and grandiose plans.
- Individuals experiencing either depression or mania are said to suffer from a unipolar mood disorder.
Chronicity and Recurrence of Major Depressive Disorder
- 35% to 85% of individuals with single-episode major depressive disorder experience a second episode later.
- Follow-ups as long as 23 years have been conducted to study the recurrence of major depressive episodes.
- Risk of recurrence is 20% in the first year following an episode, increasing to 40% in the second year.
- Clinical scientists have concluded that unipolar depression is often a chronic condition with recurrent episodes.
- The median lifetime number of major depressive episodes is four to seven, with 25% experiencing six or more episodes.
- The median duration of recurrent major depressive episodes is four to five months.
- Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) shares symptoms with major depressive disorder but differs in its chronic course.
- Persistent depressive disorder is defined as depressed mood continuing for at least two years, with minimal symptom-free periods.
- Persistent depressive disorder is more severe, less responsive to treatment, and associated with higher rates of comorbidity.
- 20% of patients with a major depressive episode report chronicity for at least two years, meeting criteria for persistent depressive disorder.
- Individuals with both major depressive episodes and persistent depression are said to have double depression, associated with more severe psychopathology and a problematic future course.
- The relapse rate of depression among people meeting criteria for DSM-IV dysthymia was found to be 71.4%.
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Description
Test your knowledge of mood disorders with this quiz. Explore the defining characteristics of major depressive episodes, mania, hypomanic episodes, unipolar and bipolar mood disorders, and types of depressive disorders according to DSM-5.
