30 Questions
What are the symptoms of bipolar I disorder?
Elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, grandiosity, racing thoughts, distractibility, and excessive involvement in pleasurable activities
What are the symptoms of bipolar II disorder?
Major depressive episodes and at least one hypomanic episode
What is the main difference between bipolar I and bipolar II disorders?
Presence of full manic episodes in bipolar I disorder and hypomanic episodes in bipolar II disorder
Which medications are used to treat bipolar disorder?
Mood stabilizers such as lithium and valproate, antipsychotics, and antidepressants
What characterizes a hypomanic episode in bipolar II disorder?
Less severe form of mania with increased energy, decreased need for sleep, grandiosity, racing thoughts, distractibility, and excessive involvement in pleasurable activities
What is the primary symptom of a manic episode in bipolar I disorder?
Elevated or irritable mood
Which factor is associated with reducing the likelihood of suicidal thoughts and behaviors?
Access to mental health care and appropriate treatment
Which group has the highest observed suicide rates in the United States?
Native Americans
What has been the trend in suicide rates between 1999 and 2018 in the United States?
Increased rates by 35%
What can reduce a client's suicide risk according to the text?
Thorough assessment, safety planning, education and support, monitoring, and limiting access to lethal means
Which group has the highest likelihood of attempting suicide according to the text?
Women
What is associated with providing protection against suicidal thoughts and behaviors?
Cultural and religious beliefs that discourage suicide
What is the most commonly prescribed mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder?
Valproate
Which neurotransmitters do medications for bipolar disorder affect to regulate mood, energy, and motivation?
Serotonin, Dopamine, Norepinephrine
What is the characteristic of persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)?
Chronic, low-grade depressed mood lasting at least two years
What are the psychological risk factors for suicide?
History of mental illness, impulsivity, substance abuse
What do protective factors against suicide include?
Social support, access to mental health care, effective treatment for mental illness
What do antipsychotics primarily treat in bipolar disorder?
Manic and mixed episodes
What is the defining feature of bipolar I disorder?
Periods of abnormally excessive elation or euphoria
What is the most commonly used mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder?
Lithium
What is double depression characterized by?
Major depressive episodes on a background of dysthymic disorder
What is the defining feature of cyclothymic disorder?
Chronic mood disorder with alternating mood elevation and depression levels
What is the focus of cognitive therapy in managing mood disorders like depression and anxiety?
Changing negative thought patterns
What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) used for?
Biological treatment for severe, chronic depression
Which disorder is characterized by symptoms such as changes in appetite or sleep patterns, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and thoughts of death or suicide?
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Which disorder is intended to address concerns about overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents?
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Which procedure uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain, often used when other treatments for depression have not been effective?
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
Which disorder involves one or more manic episodes, accompanied by symptoms such as inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, and excessive involvement in pleasurable activities?
Bipolar I Disorder
Which disorder is characterized by severe and recurrent temper outbursts, and is intended to address concerns about overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents?
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Which disorder affects 2% to 5% of women during the premenstrual phase, with symptoms like mood swings, irritability, and anxiety that significantly impact daily life?
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Study Notes
Overview of Mood Disorders and Related Conditions
- Major Depressive Disorder is characterized by symptoms such as changes in appetite or sleep patterns, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and thoughts of death or suicide.
- Hypomanic Episode is a less severe version of a manic episode that lasts only four days and contributes to the definition of several mood disorders.
- Depressive Cognitive Triad refers to negative thoughts about the self, world, and future, reinforcing negative beliefs and leading to a cycle of negative thinking and mood in depressed individuals.
- Bipolar I Disorder involves one or more manic episodes, accompanied by symptoms such as inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, and excessive involvement in pleasurable activities.
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive procedure using magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain, often used when other treatments for depression have not been effective.
- Persistent Depressive Disorder is characterized by long-term symptoms of mild depression, lasting 20 to 30 years if untreated, with cumulative impairment over time.
- Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder is a childhood-onset disorder characterized by severe and recurrent temper outbursts, intended to address concerns about overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents.
- Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) affects 2% to 5% of women during the premenstrual phase, with symptoms like mood swings, irritability, and anxiety that significantly impact daily life.
- Mood stabilizing drugs are effective in preventing and treating pathological shifts in mood, particularly in bipolar disorder.
- Persistent depressive disorder is more severe than major depressive disorder, with higher rates of comorbidity with other mental disorders and a slower rate of improvement over time.
- Persistent depressive disorder and major depressive episodes can co-occur, leading to "double depression".
- PMDD is different from premenstrual syndrome (PMS), as it has more severe emotional and physical symptoms that significantly impact daily functioning.
Test your knowledge of mood disorders and related conditions with this informative quiz. Explore key concepts such as major depressive disorder, bipolar I disorder, hypomanic episodes, and treatment options like transcranial magnetic stimulation and mood stabilizing drugs. Learn about different types of depressive disorders and their impact on daily life, as well as distinguishing between premenstrual dysphoric disorder and premenstrual syndrome.
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