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Questions and Answers
What characteristic described Jane during her entrance into the office?
What characteristic described Jane during her entrance into the office?
What behavior is indicative of Mike compared to Jane?
What behavior is indicative of Mike compared to Jane?
Which of the following is NOT a criterion mentioned for symptom evaluation?
Which of the following is NOT a criterion mentioned for symptom evaluation?
What was one of the topics Jane discussed enthusiastically before sitting down?
What was one of the topics Jane discussed enthusiastically before sitting down?
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Which statement accurately reflects the context of the observed behaviors?
Which statement accurately reflects the context of the observed behaviors?
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What is a significant risk factor for the development of complicated grief?
What is a significant risk factor for the development of complicated grief?
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After what time period is the chance of recovering from severe grief without treatment significantly reduced?
After what time period is the chance of recovering from severe grief without treatment significantly reduced?
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What emotional state may increase substantially in individuals experiencing complicated grief?
What emotional state may increase substantially in individuals experiencing complicated grief?
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What characteristic often describes the emotional regulation of individuals enduring complicated grief?
What characteristic often describes the emotional regulation of individuals enduring complicated grief?
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What should be encouraged for individuals experiencing acute grief in the initial 6-12 months?
What should be encouraged for individuals experiencing acute grief in the initial 6-12 months?
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What typically happens to the ability to imagine future events for those experiencing complicated grief?
What typically happens to the ability to imagine future events for those experiencing complicated grief?
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Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of acute grief within the first year?
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of acute grief within the first year?
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What percentage of bereaved individuals may develop a disorder from normal grief after 6 months to a year?
What percentage of bereaved individuals may develop a disorder from normal grief after 6 months to a year?
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What is a common response of new mothers following childbirth?
What is a common response of new mothers following childbirth?
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How do most people perceive the emotional state of new mothers after childbirth?
How do most people perceive the emotional state of new mothers after childbirth?
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What factor may contribute to peripartum depression in women?
What factor may contribute to peripartum depression in women?
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What is a defining criterion for seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?
What is a defining criterion for seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?
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Which of the following is NOT associated with normal responses in new mothers after childbirth?
Which of the following is NOT associated with normal responses in new mothers after childbirth?
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What is a key emotional experience associated with grief mentioned in the content?
What is a key emotional experience associated with grief mentioned in the content?
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What hormonal change occurs after delivery that affects new mothers?
What hormonal change occurs after delivery that affects new mothers?
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Which symptom is NOT associated with the somatic distress mentioned in the content?
Which symptom is NOT associated with the somatic distress mentioned in the content?
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What term is used to describe the state of integrating grief into life?
What term is used to describe the state of integrating grief into life?
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In individuals with bipolar disorder, what seasonal pattern is typically observed?
In individuals with bipolar disorder, what seasonal pattern is typically observed?
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What conclusion can be drawn about hormonal levels and peripartum depression?
What conclusion can be drawn about hormonal levels and peripartum depression?
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Which disorder has been added to the DSM-5 related to depressive disorders?
Which disorder has been added to the DSM-5 related to depressive disorders?
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What is the emotional reaction related to the acceptance of death mentioned in the content?
What is the emotional reaction related to the acceptance of death mentioned in the content?
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What characterizes major depressive disorder?
What characterizes major depressive disorder?
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What defines recurrent major depressive disorder?
What defines recurrent major depressive disorder?
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What psychological treatment approach is mentioned as being more successful than others for coping with grief?
What psychological treatment approach is mentioned as being more successful than others for coping with grief?
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What is the median lifetime number of major depressive episodes typically observed?
What is the median lifetime number of major depressive episodes typically observed?
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Which of the following is a common symptom of grief as noted in the content?
Which of the following is a common symptom of grief as noted in the content?
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How long must a depressed mood persist for a diagnosis of persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)?
How long must a depressed mood persist for a diagnosis of persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)?
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Feeling disconnected from the world is described within which context?
Feeling disconnected from the world is described within which context?
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Which of the following statements is true concerning dysthymia?
Which of the following statements is true concerning dysthymia?
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What is the characteristic duration of recurrent major depressive episodes?
What is the characteristic duration of recurrent major depressive episodes?
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What is double depression?
What is double depression?
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What does unipolar depression often result in regarding its course?
What does unipolar depression often result in regarding its course?
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What percentage of women are identified as suffering from severe incapacitating emotional reactions during the premenstrual period?
What percentage of women are identified as suffering from severe incapacitating emotional reactions during the premenstrual period?
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of integrated grief within normal limits?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of integrated grief within normal limits?
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What is a major concern regarding the classification of premenstrual emotional reactions as a disorder?
What is a major concern regarding the classification of premenstrual emotional reactions as a disorder?
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What was established about the small group of women experiencing severe emotional reactions compared to the larger group with premenstrual symptoms?
What was established about the small group of women experiencing severe emotional reactions compared to the larger group with premenstrual symptoms?
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Which symptom is associated with incapacity during the premenstrual period in women identified with PMDD?
Which symptom is associated with incapacity during the premenstrual period in women identified with PMDD?
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Which statement about occasional hallucinatory experiences of the deceased is accurate?
Which statement about occasional hallucinatory experiences of the deceased is accurate?
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What emotional reaction may persist despite adjusting to the loss?
What emotional reaction may persist despite adjusting to the loss?
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Surges of grief can occur in response to which types of triggers?
Surges of grief can occur in response to which types of triggers?
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Study Notes
Mood Disorders Overview
- Major depressive episode is the most common and severe form of depression
- Lasts at least 2 weeks
- Includes symptoms like depressed mood, feelings of worthlessness, disturbed physical functions (e.g., sleep, appetite), and loss of interest
- Anhedonia (loss of pleasure) is a key indicator
- Duration of untreated major depressive episodes is roughly 4-9 months
Overview of Depression and Mania
- Mania is characterized by abnormally exaggerated elation, joy, or euphoria
- Individuals experience extreme pleasure in activities, become hyperactive, need little sleep, and have grandiose plans
- Speech is rapid and possibly incoherent
- Manic episodes can last 1 week if severe, or 3 to 4 months untreated
- DSM-5 defines hypomania as a less severe form of mania, lasting 4 days and causing less impairment
Structure of Mood Disorders
- Unipolar mood disorder is when mood remains at one "pole" (e.g., consistently depressed)
- Bipolar mood disorder involves alternating between depression and mania
- Individuals can experience both manic and depressive symptoms at the same time (mixed features)
- Manic episodes are more common in adolescents than generally thought
Depressive Disorders- Clinical Descriptions
- Major depressive disorder lacks manic or hypomanic episodes before or during the disorder
- Recurrence of major depressive episodes, separated by at least 2 months without depression, is considered "recurrent"
- Unipolar depression is often a chronic condition with waxing and waning symptoms
- Median lifetime number of depressive episodes is 4-7
- Median duration of recurrent depressive episodes is 4-5 months
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
- Shares symptoms of major depressive disorder but differs in its course
- Symptoms are less severe but persist for longer periods (e.g., 20-30+ years)
- It's characterized by depressed mood lasting 2+ years, with no symptom-free periods longer than 2 months
Psychotic Features in Depressive Disorders
- Some individuals experience psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, delusions) during a major depressive/manic episode
- Mood-congruent delusions are related to mood (e.g., believing one is evil)
- Mood-incongruent delusions are not related to mood (e.g., delusions of grandeur)
Other Defining Criteria for Depressive Disorders
- Anxious distress - presence of accompanying anxiety worsens the condition and predicts a poorer prognosis
- Mixed features - presence of multiple manic symptoms in a predominantly depressive episode
- Melancholic features - severe somatic symptoms (e.g., early-morning awakening, weight loss, loss of libido)
- Catatonic features - absence of movement or excessive, purposeless movement
- Atypical features - oversleeping, overeating, hypersensitivity to rejection.
Peripartum Onset
- Period just before and after childbirth
- Peripartum depression (13-19% of women)
- Can include depressive and/or manic episodes
- Fathers can experience depression postpartum
Seasonal Pattern
- Episodes occurring during specific seasons
- Often linked to light exposure and melatonin production
- Winter depression (seasonal affective disorder-SAD) is common in high latitudes
Other Depressive Disorders (Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder)
- Additional conditions that share characteristics with mood disorders but are distinct
- Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): Symptoms related to the menstrual cycle
- Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD): Childhood-onset condition with severe and frequent temper outbursts
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Description
This quiz covers the key concepts of mood disorders, including major depression and mania. It explores their symptoms, duration, and classifications such as unipolar and bipolar mood disorders. Test your understanding of these mental health challenges and their implications.
