Montgomery County Fire and Rescue Service Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of the Office of Emergency Management & Homeland Security (OEMHS)?

To respond exclusively to fires.

To manage local police departments.

To provide on-site emergency medical services.

To coordinate major hazard planning and response. (correct)

Which facility operates Fire Station #51?

National Institutes of Health (correct)

National Institutes of Standards and Technology

Naval Surface Warfare Center

Walter Reed National Military Medical Center

Which of the following federal facilities is NOT located in Montgomery County?

National Institutes of Standards and Technology

Fort Detrick Army Garrison

Walter Reed National Military Medical Center

Naval Surface Warfare Center, Annapolis (correct)

Which unit may receive and provide support to the Office of the State Fire Marshal?

Fire & Explosives Investigations Unit Signup and view all the answers

What does the Hazard Mitigation Plan developed by the OEMHS address?

Mitigating major hazards that threaten communities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of MCFRS in relation to community resilience?

To support racial and social equity. Signup and view all the answers

Which three variables were used in Montgomery Planning’s analysis of inequities?

Household income, race and ethnicity, ability to speak English. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the County’s population lives in Equity Focus Areas according to Montgomery Planning’s analysis?

26% Signup and view all the answers

What modification did the master plan workgroup recommend for MCFRS's vision and mission?

To represent a more adaptable mindset. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the values that guides MCFRS in achieving its mission?

Integrity. Signup and view all the answers

What does MCFRS aim to achieve through its mission?

Enhance public safety. Signup and view all the answers

How does the notion of vulnerability relate to equity according to the literature?

Vulnerability serves as a proxy for understanding equity. Signup and view all the answers

What commitment is essential for MCFRS personnel according to their values?

Being proficient in their job. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary framework for resource allocation in fire, rescue, and emergency services?

The Master Plan Signup and view all the answers

Which assumption about MCFRS is NOT included in the Master Plan?

MCFRS will only operate with career personnel. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the community expectations for MCFRS?

Treat people and their property with respect Signup and view all the answers

What is required for amendments to the Master Plan to be valid?

Approval from the County Council Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a vital competency for MCFRS personnel?

Cultural competency Signup and view all the answers

What does MCFRS primarily believe about the expectations from the communities they serve?

Unique community needs should be considered. Signup and view all the answers

What role do personnel serve concerning community members who cannot advocate for themselves?

Advocates Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects a common misconception regarding MCFRS service delivery?

Quality service can be maintained without adequate funding. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the County Fire Chief?

Manage the MCFRS programs and operations Signup and view all the answers

How many independent local volunteer fire-rescue departments (LFRDs) are there in Montgomery County?

19 Signup and view all the answers

Which division was the Community Risk Reduction (CRR) Section originally part of before being realigned?

Division of Volunteer Services Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a division within the MCFRS organizational structure?

Emergency Medical Services Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary responsibilities of the Office of the Fire Chief?

Implement County laws and policies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a goal of the Fire-Rescue Service in Montgomery County?

Provide quality emergency services Signup and view all the answers

What recent change was made to the organizational structure of the MCFRS?

Realignment of the Community Risk Reduction Section Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the Fire Chief's authority is correct?

Has full authority over medical, fire, and rescue services Signup and view all the answers

What is a key recommendation of the Thrive Montgomery 2050 plan regarding housing?

To diversify the housing stock for low income households. Signup and view all the answers

Which planning principle is introduced by Thrive Montgomery 2050?

15-minute living Signup and view all the answers

How many master plans and amendments has the County Council approved since the last MCFRS master plan?

19 Signup and view all the answers

What type of development does Montgomery County focus on to reduce urban sprawl?

Concentration along existing transit networks Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the Complete Communities concept?

To offer diverse land uses, services, and amenities. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the innovative construction methods recommended to reduce costs?

Prefabricated housing Signup and view all the answers

What challenge does Montgomery County face regarding its housing supply?

Insufficient supply of housing overall Signup and view all the answers

What type of housing options does Thrive Montgomery 2050 support?

Creative options like tiny houses and shared housing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of the Division of Operations?

Delivering critical emergency services Signup and view all the answers

Who oversees the Emergency Medical and Integrated Healthcare Services section?

The Medical Director Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the career uniformed positions does the Division of Operations encompass?

97% Signup and view all the answers

What authority does the Operations Chief possess?

Operational authority over fire and rescue services Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of the Emergency Medical and Integrated Healthcare Services section?

Overseeing EMS quality assurance and improvement Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Division Chief of Operations report to?

The Fire Chief Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the Division of Operations?

Media coordination Signup and view all the answers

What certification is required for the Medical Director in the EMS program?

Board-certified EMS physician Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason the fire department aims to keep response times low?

To minimize the growth of small fires. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significant factor that has increased the risk of flashover in modern homes?

The use of synthetic materials in furnishings. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it not feasible to deploy enough fire engines to prevent flashover?

There are diminishing returns from additional fire engines. Signup and view all the answers

What change in the built environment significantly impacts fire response strategies?

Larger open residential floor plans. Signup and view all the answers

What is now the objective of fire response, given the limitations on preventing flashover?

To limit fire spread and subsequent damage. Signup and view all the answers

What are mutual aid agreements designed to facilitate?

Seamless operations across jurisdictional boundaries Signup and view all the answers

What is an automatic mutual aid agreement?

An agreement that allows for quick resource acquisition without authorization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following counties has automatic mutual aid agreements with MCFRS?

Prince George’s County, Maryland Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of automatic mutual aid agreements compared to those that require requests?

They do not involve the need for authorization Signup and view all the answers

Mutual aid agreements can be characterized as providing what types of support?

Aid that is automatic and aid that is requested Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups is NOT part of the partners involved in the National Capital Region public safety system?

Montgomery County Chamber of Commerce Signup and view all the answers

What role do agreements among public safety agencies primarily serve in the event of a disaster?

To ensure smooth coordination of resources Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following counties is included in the MWCOG regional resource sharing agreement?

Fairfax County, Virginia Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested as a proxy for equity in the context of building community resilience?

Vulnerability Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic characteristics were central to the analysis of inequities in Montgomery County?

Household income, race and ethnicity, and English proficiency Signup and view all the answers

How many census tracts in Montgomery County were identified as Equity Focus Areas?

56 Signup and view all the answers

What primary change did the master plan workgroup recommend regarding MCFRS's vision and mission?

Reduce barriers to understanding Signup and view all the answers

Which value is emphasized as essential for achieving the mission of MCFRS?

Commitment to duty Signup and view all the answers

What approach does MCFRS plan to integrate into their decision-making processes?

Data-driven vulnerability assessment Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Montgomery County’s population is indicated to live in areas marked by high inequities?

26% Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the MCFRS vision emphasize regarding its organizational identity?

Learning organization Signup and view all the answers

What has facilitated the documentation of MCFRS’ facility and resource needs?

Monitoring at a broader County level Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following issues is addressed by the master and sector plans developed by M-NCPPC?

Historic preservation Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the countywide review coordinated by the Office of the County Executive in relation to Thrive Montgomery 2050?

To involve multiple departments in reviewing fire-rescue needs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following partners does MCFRS rely on to fulfill its obligation to educate the community about hazards?

Various public and private partners Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the relationship between MCFRS and M-NCPPC has notably improved over the last decade?

The integration of fire-rescue needs into planning Signup and view all the answers

What mindset is MCFRS aiming to shift towards in service provision?

Teamwork, alignment, and cooperation Signup and view all the answers

How does MCFRS plan to address the expected increased demand for services?

By changing the language surrounding service provision Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of establishing feedback mechanisms according to MCFRS?

To notify of impending changes or deviations Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'relate' signify in the context of MCFRS's operations?

Building strong connections with community partners Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary intention of the MCFRS Fire & Rescue Master Plan?

To outline the current state of the department and operational environment Signup and view all the answers

What attitude does MCFRS adopt towards the volatility and complexity of the social environment?

They embrace it as a means to build resilience Signup and view all the answers

What does the need to 'adapt' signify in MCFRS's strategy?

Acknowledging and evolving from static, hierarchical models Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for MCFRS to notice changes within their operational environment?

To continually improve their service offerings Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the overall staffing of emergency apparatus is composed of career employees?

85% Signup and view all the answers

How many fire-rescue stations does the county operate?

37 Signup and view all the answers

During the daytime on weekdays, how many total personnel are needed to maintain staffing levels?

306 Signup and view all the answers

How many Advanced Life Support ambulances does the primary fleet include?

11 Signup and view all the answers

What financial constraints have limited the MCFRS in establishing new fire-rescue stations?

Lack of suitable locations Signup and view all the answers

What is the staffing composition of personnel on nights and weekends?

261 career and 45 volunteer personnel Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following facilities is NOT included in the 10 other operational facilities of MCFRS?

Fire/Rescue Administrative Office Signup and view all the answers

How many reserve ambulances are used for frontline deployment?

4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Mobile Integrated Health program established in 2017?

To address chronic needs of frequent callers to emergency services Signup and view all the answers

What function does the Special Operations Section NOT manage?

General ambulance dispatching Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following responsibilities falls under the communications section?

Dispatching appropriate response assignments Signup and view all the answers

What unique aspect of the Emergency Communications Center is highlighted?

It relies on MCFRS personnel for dispatch functions until at least 2025 Signup and view all the answers

Which is a key responsibility of the Duty Operations Chiefs?

Overseeing emergency service delivery on 24-hour shifts Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Division of Volunteer Services play in MCFRS?

Support and advocacy for volunteers and LFRDs Signup and view all the answers

Which area is NOT specifically mentioned as a focus of the Special Operations Section?

Emergency medical service delivery Signup and view all the answers

Which technological aspect is managed by the Communications Section?

Response communications and technologies Signup and view all the answers

What has significantly improved the collaboration between MCFRS and M-NCPPC over the past decade?

Coordination during community master and sector plan updates Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect was NOT addressed in the various master plans developed by M-NCPPC?

Funding allocations for county departments Signup and view all the answers

What obligation does MCFRS have towards its communities?

To prepare and educate about various hazards Signup and view all the answers

What trend has been documented regarding land use and future development by the planning efforts of M-NCPPC?

Strengthened public amenities and transportation planning Signup and view all the answers

Which conclusion can be drawn about the recent development of the Thrive Montgomery 2050 plan?

It suggests a shift towards complete communities with reduced urban sprawl. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of early notification in fire safety protocols?

It reduces evacuation time for occupants. Signup and view all the answers

Which measure is considered the most effective in containing the spread of smoke and fire according to fire codes?

Self-closing doors in multi-family units. Signup and view all the answers

How do effective fire codes contribute to community resilience?

By combining hazard controls with education and preparation. Signup and view all the answers

What role do automatic sprinklers play in fire safety?

They cool surfaces to prevent fire spread and reduce toxic gasses. Signup and view all the answers

What timing challenge does modern fire response face according to the built environment's impact?

Faster fire spread reducing available escape time. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes significantly to minimizing the severity of fires according to the established fire codes?

Compartmentation through fire doors and closed quarters. Signup and view all the answers

How do fire codes in Montgomery County generally measure their effectiveness?

By the incidence of fires and fire-related deaths. Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor that fire codes address to reduce hazard exposure?

Setting priorities based on levels of exposure to fire hazards. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Montgomery County Fire and Rescue Service (MCFRS) Organization

MCFRS is comprised of 19 independent, local volunteer fire-rescue departments (LFRDs)
The County Fire Chief heads MCFRS, responsible for all medical, fire, and rescue services, including those provided by the LFRDs
MCFRS organizational structure includes the Office of the Fire Chief and five divisions: Operations, Volunteer Services, Support Services, Human Resources, and Fiscal Management
The Community Risk Reduction (CRR) Section is realigned to the Office of the Fire Chief

### MCFRS Key Responsibilities

Promotes fire and life safety initiatives
Promulgates fire-rescue policies, procedures, and General Orders
Monitors legislative actions at local, state, and federal levels
The Fire Chief leads and manages the department by coordinating all MCFRS programs and operations
MCFRS has automatic mutual aid agreements with federal facilities located in Montgomery County
MCFRS Fire & Explosives Investigations Unit may provide support to the Office of the State Fire Marshal, the FBI, and the ATF
MCFRS prioritizes community resilience as a strategy for racial and social equity
MCFRS leverages planning tools to incorporate vulnerability into decision-making

### Equity Focus Areas

Montgomery Planning has identified Equity Focus Areas, census tracts characterized by high concentrations of lower-income, people of color, who may also speak English with varying degrees of difficulty
Montgomery Planning has also compiled demographic data to identify neighborhoods based on population characteristics, ranging from advantaged to disadvantaged

### MCFRS Vision, Mission, and Principles

The vision of the MCFRS is to be a learning organization consistently executing the mission while evolving to maximize value for communities.
The mission of the MCFRS is to create and enhance public safety through measures to reduce vulnerability and improve resilience.
MCFRS is guided by the following values: a commitment to duty, integrity, and respect for others and the organization

### Key Planning Assumptions

MCFRS will continue as the County’s provider of fire, rescue, and EMS services to the public
MCFRS will remain a combination system of career and volunteer personnel
MCFRS will receive adequate tax-funded appropriations from the County Council
There is an upper limit to the response capability of MCFRS

### Montgomery County Development

Significant residential and commercial development is occurring throughout the County
There are currently five plans in review/update status, including the Great Seneca Plan, Takoma Park Minor Master Plan, Fairland and Briggs Chaney Master Plan, Rustic Roads Functional Master Plan, and the first ever Pedestrian Master Plan
Montgomery County has been committed to smart growth, reduction of urban sprawl, sustainability, and environmental protection

MCFRS: Internal Organization

Investigates complaints and serious violations of personnel regulations and department policy
Oversees background investigations of firefighter-rescuer and civilian positions
Conducts planning and performance management, oversees the accreditation process for organizational improvement
Coordinates information requests from media, community members, and other agencies

MCFRS Division of Operations

Responsible for the day-to-day delivery of emergency services including EMS, fire suppression, rescue, hazardous materials response, bomb squad services, and fire/explosives investigations
Largest division with 97% of career uniformed positions
Headed by the Division Chief, a merit position reporting directly to the Fire Chief
The Operations Chief oversees fire, rescue, EMS, special operations, and communications
The Operations Chief works with the Chief of the Division of Volunteer Services to integrate services provided by career and volunteer firefighter-rescuers and EMS providers

Division of Operations Sections

Emergency Medical and Integrated Healthcare Services (EMIHS): Provides guidance and oversight for all pre-hospital care services, performs and oversees EMS quality assurance
Medical Director: (a board-certified EMS physician) oversees the MCFRS EMS program and provides credentialing to all EMS providers

MCFRS Response Partners

The National Capital Region has a system of tightly knit public safety agencies that support incident/disaster response and recovery operations
Local jurisdictions have established relationships and mutual aid agreements that allow for seamless operations across jurisdictional boundaries
Automatic Agreements: allow for expedited dispatch of resources without the need for authorization
Other Agreements: require the jurisdiction needing resources to contact other jurisdictions to request assistance which might be granted or denied at the discretion of the designated decision-maker

MCFRS Automatic Mutual Aid Agreements

Prince George’s County, Maryland
Howard County, Maryland
Carroll County, Maryland
Frederick County, Maryland
Loudoun County, Virginia
Fairfax County, Virginia

MCFRS Planning Partners

MCFRS monitors planning at the County level to ensure recommendations from the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission (M-NCPPC) or municipal planning boards do not create conflict for the department, and to ensure that MCFRS’ needs are documented.
These plans address historic preservation, housing, and environmental issues, and make recommendations that impact zoning, transportation, education, public amenities, and public safety
MCFRS and M-NCPPC have collaborated to ensure fire-rescue needs were considered as community master plans were created and updated
Thrive Montgomery 2050: review incorporated the final product with ongoing departmental planning efforts

MCFRS Prevention and Education Partners

MCFRS has an obligation to prepare and educate communities about fire and life safety concerns such as car seat safety, fall prevention, and drowning
MCFRS relies on County government and external partners to meet this responsibility
MCFRS sees the building of community resilience as an important supporting strategy for racial and social equity

MCFRS Equity Focus Areas

An analysis to identify areas of the County that may experience the highest inequities in access to transportation, job opportunities, and other resources supporting a high quality of life
Areas are characterized by high concentrations of lower-income, people of color, who may also speak English with varying degrees of difficulty

MCFRS Vision, Mission, and Principles

MCFRS Vision: To be a learning organization consistently executing the mission while evolving to maximize value for our communities.
MCFRS Mission: To create and enhance public safety through measures to reduce vulnerability and improve resilience.
MCFRS Values: Commitment to Duty, Integrity, Respect for Others and the Organization
Commitment to Duty: Being proficient in your job, technically and as a leader. Making sound and timely decisions.

MCFRS Response Times

The primary response time for a fire department is to prevent small fires from becoming large fires
The NFPA created response time standards based on generalizations and assumptions about compartment fires in structures
Changes in the built environment, specifically the widespread use of synthetic materials in home furnishings and open floor plans, have created a situation where flashover can occur within minutes
It is not feasible to deploy enough fire engines to prevent flashover
The objective is now to limit fire spread and subsequent damage
The value of response times as a quality metric for emergency medical services are limited as well.
While a certain fraction of all EMS responses are time-critical, it must be acknowledged that these responses

MCFRS Fire & Rescue Master Plan

MCFRS believes in improving their service, but needs to change their way of thinking about service provision.
MCFRS expects increased demand for services, but believes it won't necessarily require capital-intensive projects.
MCFRS is moving away from militaristic metaphors and toward a mindset rooted in teamwork, alignment, coherence, and cooperation.
MCFRS acknowledges the volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity of the current social construct.

MCFRS’s Goals

The plan aims to develop a more resilient department serving more resilient communities.
The document outlines the department's current state and the likely problems it will face.
MCFRS needs to notice, relate, and adapt to ensure adequate public safety.
To notice, MCFRS is building feedback mechanisms to alert them of change or deviations from the norm.
To relate, MCFRS recognizes its interconnectedness with government partners and communities.
To adapt, MCFRS acknowledges its historical structures as rigid, hierarchical monoliths focused narrowly on small segments of the county.

MCFRS’s Programs and Departments

The Mobile Integrated Health program addresses the gap between 911 calls and limited EMS resources.
The Special Operations Section provides training, technical support, and response for hazardous materials, technical rescue, water-ice rescue, passenger rail support, bomb/explosive incidents, fire and explosives investigations, and interoperable communications resources.
The Special Operations Section manages MCFRS support for planned or special events, including professional golf tournaments, the County Fair, and other mass gatherings.
The Special Operations Section manages MCFRS coordination with the Montgomery County Police Emergency Services Unit (ESU) and staffs the County Emergency Operations Center (EOC) fire desk when activated.
The Communications Section dispatches the right response assignment, ensuring personnel have situational awareness and managing all response communications and technologies.
The Emergency Communications Center (ECC) falls under the authority of the Montgomery County Police Department (MCPD), but MCFRS personnel are still responsible for dispatch functions until at least 2025.
The Duty Operations Chiefs are Assistant Chiefs overseeing emergency service delivery during their 24-hour shift.
The Division of Volunteer Services provides support, advocacy, oversight, mediation, and enforcement of MCFRS policies, coordination and technical assistance, incentives, and administrative services to support the Local Fire and Rescue Departments (LFRDs).
Career employees make up 85% of emergency apparatus staffing, with volunteers comprising the remaining 15%.

MCFRS’s Staffing

As of FY24, 306 apparatus riding positions are needed across 37 fire-rescue stations.
Daytime staffing is provided by 297 career personnel and 9 volunteer personnel.
Night and weekend staffing consists of 261 career personnel and 45 volunteer personnel.
An on-duty scheduler and Duty Operations Chief ensure that career personnel with the appropriate skills are available to meet minimum staffing.
MCFRS must also staff eight ECC positions and two fire and explosives investigators daily.

MCFRS’s Facilities

MCFRS operates from 37 fire and rescue stations and 10 other facilities, including Public Safety Headquarters, the Fire-Rescue Training Academy, the Central Maintenance Facility, the Community Services Building, the Emergency Communications Center, the alternate Emergency Communications Center, the Fire and Explosives Investigations annex, the Mental Health Suite, the Fire/Rescue Occupational Medical Section, and the Dover Road Warehouse.
While the 2016-22 Master Plan outlined a need for four new fire/rescue stations, fiscal constraints have limited the department's ability to acquire them.
Many existing stations are aging and becoming obsolete.
Financial resources will be needed to address these updates through the capital improvements program (CIP) process.

MCFRS’s Apparatus

MCFRS's primary response fleet includes 35 engines, 15 aerial units (ladder trucks or aerial towers), six heavy rescue squads, 11 Advanced Life Support (ALS) ambulances (i.e., medic units), and 30 Basic Life Support (BLS) ambulances.
Four reserve ambulances are used for frontline deployment.

Planning Partners

MCFRS monitors planning at a broader County level to ensure that recommendations in any of the more than 60 master, sector, and functional plans developed by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission (M-NCPPC) or municipal planning boards do not create conflict or hardship for the department.
MCFRS's facilities and resource needs have historically been documented in these plans.
These plans provide a comprehensive view of land use trends and future development, address historic preservation, housing, and environmental issues, and make recommendations impacting zoning, transportation, education, public amenities, and public safety.
Collaboration between MCFRS and M-NCPPC to ensure fire-rescue needs are considered has strengthened in the last decade.
In 2019, M-NCPPC initiated preparations to update Montgomery County's General Plan and issued the first draft of Thrive Montgomery 2050 in 2020.
The Office of the County Executive coordinated a countywide review of the draft plan involving MCFRS, OMB, DEP, DGS, DOT, MCPD, and DHCA.

Prevention and Education Partners

MCFRS has a responsibility to prepare and educate communities about hazards, including fire and other life safety concerns like car seat safety/installation, fall prevention, and drowning.
The department relies on internal (County government) and external (public and private) partners to meet this responsibility.
Fires in high-rise buildings can affect hundreds, compared to fires in single-family dwellings, which typically affect one or two families.

Fire Codes

Fire codes in Montgomery County are effective to the extent that there are not a large number of fires or a sustained high incidence of fire deaths.
MCFRS participates in the development and application of new fire codes.
The enforcement priorities for the fire codes are based on the level of exposure to hazards.
Fire codes are critical for community resilience by reducing the incidence and severity of fires through hazard controls.
Fire codes focus on early notification, early suppression (sprinklers), and compartmentation (fire doors and self-closing doors).

Fire Code Hazards

The spread of fire has reduced the time interval from "fire start" to "escape is no longer an option" to mere minutes.
Early notification is critical for maximizing occupant escape.
Sprinklers provide early suppression by cooling surfaces, preventing radiative feedback, and reducing the spread of fire and noxious gasses.
Compartmentation, such as closed doors, effectively contains the spread of fire and smoke.

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Description

This quiz covers the organizational structure and key responsibilities of the Montgomery County Fire and Rescue Service (MCFRS). Learn about the various volunteer departments, the leadership under the Fire Chief, and the important initiatives undertaken by MCFRS to ensure community safety. Test your knowledge on the overall functions and contributions of MCFRS.