Monolithic Application vs Microservices
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of a monolithic application?

  • It is composed of multiple small services
  • It is self-contained and independent from other computing applications (correct)
  • It uses a separate data layer for data persistence
  • It is scalable and flexible

    • What is a key benefit of microservices architecture?

  • Ability to update an existing service without rebuilding the entire application (correct)
  • Easier communication between services
  • Faster deployment of new features
  • Improved data consistency across services

    • What is true about data persistence in microservices?

  • Data is stored in a shared database across services
  • Data is only stored in memory
  • Each service is responsible for persisting its own data (correct)
  • Each service relies on a centralized data layer

    • What enables polyglot programming in microservices?

    <p>The lack of shared technology stack, libraries, or frameworks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between monolithic and microservices architectures?

    <p>Microservices are more suitable for small teams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do microservices communicate with each other?

    <p>Using well-defined APIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary benefits of Microservices Architecture?

    <p>Faster deployments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of Microservices Architecture allows for ease in scalability?

    <p>Each module works independently and has bounded context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of Microservices Architecture in terms of system up-time?

    <p>It's almost impossible for the whole system to go down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key principle of Microservices Architecture in terms of vendor lock-in?

    <p>Open standards are favored</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Microservices Architecture that facilitates the addition of new features?

    <p>Simple design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of Microservices Architecture in terms of testing?

    <p>Test automation is facilitated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of Microservices Architecture in terms of development?

    <p>Development is simplified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a principle of Microservices Architecture that enables flexibility?

    <p>Standard-based APIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of microservices architecture in terms of system reliability?

    <p>Improved system monitoring and self-healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of microservices in terms of teamwork and talent acquisition?

    <p>Easier to onboard team members with different coding backgrounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge in microservices development and testing?

    <p>Refactoring across service boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of using many small, granular services in microservices architecture?

    <p>Increased network congestion and latency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge in microservices data management?

    <p>Data inconsistency across services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge in microservices communication?

    <p>Chatty APIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge in microservices version management?

    <p>Versioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between monolithic applications and microservices applications?

    <p>Monolithic applications are simpler, while microservices applications are more complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a service registry?

    <p>To maintain a database of available service instances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of not using a service registry?

    <p>Clients need to use a more elaborate service discovery mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often does the Service Registry server refresh the network location of service instances?

    <p>Every 30 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method used to register a service instance in Netflix Eureka?

    <p>Using a POST request</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of clients caching network locations obtained from the service registry?

    <p>It reduces the latency of service discovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the responsibility of the Service Registry server?

    <p>To maintain the consistency and keep refreshing the network location of service instances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary task of an API Gateway?

    <p>To create, publish, maintain, monitor, and secure APIs at scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge in service discovery in modern cloud-based microservices applications?

    <p>The set of service instances changes dynamically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using an API Gateway in terms of instances?

    <p>It enables multiple instances to be mapped to a single endpoint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of event-driven communication?

    <p>Services don't need to know the common message structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a message broker in message communication?

    <p>To push messages to other services that subscribe to it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of using an API Gateway in terms of caching?

    <p>It enables caching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between traditional and modern, cloud-based microservices applications in terms of service instances?

    <p>The network locations of service instances change dynamically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using an API Gateway in terms of management?

    <p>It is easy to manage and maintain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Monolithic Application

    • A monolithic application is a single-tiered software application that combines the user interface and data access code into a single program from a single platform.
    • It is self-contained and independent from other computing applications.
    • The application is responsible for performing every step needed to complete a particular function.

    Microservices

    • Microservices are small, independent, and loosely coupled.
    • Each service is a separate codebase, which can be managed by a small development team.
    • Services can be deployed independently, and a team can update an existing service without rebuilding and redeploying the entire application.
    • Services are responsible for persisting their own data or external state.
    • Services communicate with each other by using well-defined APIs.
    • Internal implementation details of each service are hidden from other services.
    • Microservices support polyglot programming, allowing services to use different technology stacks, libraries, or frameworks.

    From Monolithic to Microservices

    • Example: Hospital OPD (OutPatient Department)
    • Each department can be a separate microservice, communicating with each other using APIs.

    Benefits of Microservices Architecture

    Faster Deployments

    • Microservices architecture allows for faster development and deployments since it simplifies the design.
    • Each module is easily built, tested, and deployed independently, giving businesses increased agility and faster time to market.

    Scalability

    • Microservices architecture offers ease in scalability since the modules work independently and each has bounded context.
    • The design is far more simple, allowing fast adding of new features.

    Guaranteed up-time

    • With the right microservices architecture, it’s almost impossible for the whole system to go down.
    • Each microservice is built, deployed, and managed independently, isolating runtime failures.

    No Vendor Lock

    • Microservices architecture and principles are based on open standards and backed up heavily by the open-source community.
    • Almost all commercial microservices platforms follow these open standards, making it easy to migrate from them if needed.

    Resilience & Robustness

    • With microservices architecture, platforms are far more resilient and robust.
    • Kubernetes or OpenShift Container platforms are monitoring and self-healing whenever the system is affected.

    Dynamic Talent Pool

    • With microservices, it’s easier to onboard new team members as well as hire software engineers with different coding backgrounds.

    Challenges in Microservices

    • Complexity: A microservices application has more moving parts than the equivalent monolithic application.
    • Development and testing: Writing a small service that relies on other dependent services requires a different approach than writing a traditional monolithic or layered application.
    • Network congestion and latency: The use of many small, granular services can result in more interservice communication.
    • Versioning: Also known as Asynchronous communication, services push messages to a message broker that other services subscribe to.

    API Gateway

    • API Gateway is a fully managed service that makes it easy for developers to create, publish, maintain, monitor, and secure APIs at any scale.
    • APIs act as the "front door" for applications to access data, business logic, or functionality from backend services.

    Service Discovery

    • In a modern, cloud-based microservices application, service instances have dynamically assigned network locations.
    • Clients need to use a more elaborate service discovery mechanism.
    • Solution: Using a Service Registry to maintain a database of available service instances.

    Service Registry

    • Service registry is a database of available service instances.
    • It assures high availability and keeps refreshing the network location of service instances.
    • Example: Netflix Eureka provides a REST API to register and query service instances.

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    Compare and contrast monolithic applications and microservices, understanding their definitions, characteristics, and differences.

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