16 Questions
Which type of alcohols contains only one hydroxyl group?
Monohydric alcohols
What is another name for dihydric alcohols?
Glycols or diols
Which of the following is an example of a monohydric alcohol?
Ethanol
What is the general structure of a primary alcohol?
C OH H R
In a secondary alcohol, the carbon with the hydroxyl group is attached to how many alkyl groups?
Two alkyl groups
What is the name of the type of alcohol that contains three or more hydroxyl groups?
Polyhydric alcohols
Which of the following is an example of a trihydric alcohol?
Propane-1,2,3-triol
In a tertiary alcohol, the carbon with the hydroxyl group is attached to how many other alkyl groups?
Three alkyl groups
What is the characteristic of the hydroxyl group in a polyhydric alcohol?
There are three or more hydroxyl groups in the molecule
Which of the following alcohols is classified as a primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol?
2-Methyl-1-butanol
What is the difference between a monohydric and a dihydric alcohol?
The number of hydroxyl groups in the molecule
Which of the following is an example of a secondary alcohol?
3-Pentanol
What is the characteristic of the hydroxyl group in a monohydric alcohol?
There is only one hydroxyl group in the molecule
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a tertiary alcohol?
The hydroxyl group is attached to the terminal carbon atom
What is the difference between a primary and a secondary alcohol?
The number of alkyl groups attached to the carbon atom with the hydroxyl group
Which of the following is a characteristic of a dihydric alcohol?
There are two hydroxyl groups in the molecule
Study Notes
Classification of Alcohols
- Alcohols can be classified as mono-, di-, tri-, or polyhydric compounds based on the number of hydroxyl (–OH) groups in their structures.
- Monohydric alcohols contain one hydroxyl group.
- Examples: Ethanol, 1-Propanol, 1-Butanol
- Ethanol is present in drinking alcohol.
- Dihydric alcohols contain two hydroxyl groups per molecule and are also called glycols or diols.
- Example: Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene glycol)
- Trihydric alcohols contain three hydroxyl groups in their molecular structure.
- Example: Propane-1,2,3-triol (Glycerine or glycerol)
- Polyhydric alcohols contain three or more hydroxyl groups in their molecular structure.
Classification of Monohydric Alcohols
- Monohydric alcohols can be further classified according to the carbon atom to which the hydroxyl group is attached.
- Primary alcohols: the carbon with the hydroxyl group is only attached to one alkyl group.
- General structure: R-CH2-OH
- Examples: Ethanol, 1-Propanol
- Secondary alcohols: the carbon with the hydroxyl group is attached to two alkyl groups.
- General structure: R-CH(OH)-R'
- Examples: 3-Pentanol, 2-Butanol, 2-Propanol
- Tertiary alcohols: the carbon with the hydroxyl group is attached to three other alkyl groups.
- General structure: R-CH(OH)-R'-R''
- Examples: 2-Methyl-2-propanol, 2-Methyl-2-butanol
Classification of Alcohols
- Alcohols can be classified as mono-, di-, tri-, or polyhydric compounds based on the number of hydroxyl (–OH) groups in their structures.
- Monohydric alcohols contain one hydroxyl group.
- Examples: Ethanol, 1-Propanol, 1-Butanol
- Ethanol is present in drinking alcohol.
- Dihydric alcohols contain two hydroxyl groups per molecule and are also called glycols or diols.
- Example: Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene glycol)
- Trihydric alcohols contain three hydroxyl groups in their molecular structure.
- Example: Propane-1,2,3-triol (Glycerine or glycerol)
- Polyhydric alcohols contain three or more hydroxyl groups in their molecular structure.
Classification of Monohydric Alcohols
- Monohydric alcohols can be further classified according to the carbon atom to which the hydroxyl group is attached.
- Primary alcohols: the carbon with the hydroxyl group is only attached to one alkyl group.
- General structure: R-CH2-OH
- Examples: Ethanol, 1-Propanol
- Secondary alcohols: the carbon with the hydroxyl group is attached to two alkyl groups.
- General structure: R-CH(OH)-R'
- Examples: 3-Pentanol, 2-Butanol, 2-Propanol
- Tertiary alcohols: the carbon with the hydroxyl group is attached to three other alkyl groups.
- General structure: R-CH(OH)-R'-R''
- Examples: 2-Methyl-2-propanol, 2-Methyl-2-butanol
Identify the monohydric alcohols from a list of compounds. Understand the structure and classification of alcohols based on the number of hydroxyl groups.
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