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Questions and Answers
Which type of alcohols contains only one hydroxyl group?
Which type of alcohols contains only one hydroxyl group?
- Monohydric alcohols (correct)
- Trihydric alcohols
- Dihydric alcohols
- Polyhydric alcohols
What is another name for dihydric alcohols?
What is another name for dihydric alcohols?
- Propane-1,2,3-triol
- Glycols or diols (correct)
- Ethylene glycol
- Ethane-1,2-diol
Which of the following is an example of a monohydric alcohol?
Which of the following is an example of a monohydric alcohol?
- Propane-1,2,3-triol
- Ethanol (correct)
- Ethane-1,2-diol
- Glycerine
What is the general structure of a primary alcohol?
What is the general structure of a primary alcohol?
In a secondary alcohol, the carbon with the hydroxyl group is attached to how many alkyl groups?
In a secondary alcohol, the carbon with the hydroxyl group is attached to how many alkyl groups?
What is the name of the type of alcohol that contains three or more hydroxyl groups?
What is the name of the type of alcohol that contains three or more hydroxyl groups?
Which of the following is an example of a trihydric alcohol?
Which of the following is an example of a trihydric alcohol?
In a tertiary alcohol, the carbon with the hydroxyl group is attached to how many other alkyl groups?
In a tertiary alcohol, the carbon with the hydroxyl group is attached to how many other alkyl groups?
What is the characteristic of the hydroxyl group in a polyhydric alcohol?
What is the characteristic of the hydroxyl group in a polyhydric alcohol?
Which of the following alcohols is classified as a primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol?
Which of the following alcohols is classified as a primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol?
What is the difference between a monohydric and a dihydric alcohol?
What is the difference between a monohydric and a dihydric alcohol?
Which of the following is an example of a secondary alcohol?
Which of the following is an example of a secondary alcohol?
What is the characteristic of the hydroxyl group in a monohydric alcohol?
What is the characteristic of the hydroxyl group in a monohydric alcohol?
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a tertiary alcohol?
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a tertiary alcohol?
What is the difference between a primary and a secondary alcohol?
What is the difference between a primary and a secondary alcohol?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a dihydric alcohol?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a dihydric alcohol?
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Study Notes
Classification of Alcohols
- Alcohols can be classified as mono-, di-, tri-, or polyhydric compounds based on the number of hydroxyl (–OH) groups in their structures.
- Monohydric alcohols contain one hydroxyl group.
- Examples: Ethanol, 1-Propanol, 1-Butanol
- Ethanol is present in drinking alcohol.
- Dihydric alcohols contain two hydroxyl groups per molecule and are also called glycols or diols.
- Example: Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene glycol)
- Trihydric alcohols contain three hydroxyl groups in their molecular structure.
- Example: Propane-1,2,3-triol (Glycerine or glycerol)
- Polyhydric alcohols contain three or more hydroxyl groups in their molecular structure.
Classification of Monohydric Alcohols
- Monohydric alcohols can be further classified according to the carbon atom to which the hydroxyl group is attached.
- Primary alcohols: the carbon with the hydroxyl group is only attached to one alkyl group.
- General structure: R-CH2-OH
- Examples: Ethanol, 1-Propanol
- Secondary alcohols: the carbon with the hydroxyl group is attached to two alkyl groups.
- General structure: R-CH(OH)-R'
- Examples: 3-Pentanol, 2-Butanol, 2-Propanol
- Tertiary alcohols: the carbon with the hydroxyl group is attached to three other alkyl groups.
- General structure: R-CH(OH)-R'-R''
- Examples: 2-Methyl-2-propanol, 2-Methyl-2-butanol
Classification of Alcohols
- Alcohols can be classified as mono-, di-, tri-, or polyhydric compounds based on the number of hydroxyl (–OH) groups in their structures.
- Monohydric alcohols contain one hydroxyl group.
- Examples: Ethanol, 1-Propanol, 1-Butanol
- Ethanol is present in drinking alcohol.
- Dihydric alcohols contain two hydroxyl groups per molecule and are also called glycols or diols.
- Example: Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene glycol)
- Trihydric alcohols contain three hydroxyl groups in their molecular structure.
- Example: Propane-1,2,3-triol (Glycerine or glycerol)
- Polyhydric alcohols contain three or more hydroxyl groups in their molecular structure.
Classification of Monohydric Alcohols
- Monohydric alcohols can be further classified according to the carbon atom to which the hydroxyl group is attached.
- Primary alcohols: the carbon with the hydroxyl group is only attached to one alkyl group.
- General structure: R-CH2-OH
- Examples: Ethanol, 1-Propanol
- Secondary alcohols: the carbon with the hydroxyl group is attached to two alkyl groups.
- General structure: R-CH(OH)-R'
- Examples: 3-Pentanol, 2-Butanol, 2-Propanol
- Tertiary alcohols: the carbon with the hydroxyl group is attached to three other alkyl groups.
- General structure: R-CH(OH)-R'-R''
- Examples: 2-Methyl-2-propanol, 2-Methyl-2-butanol
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