Circulation - Cardiac Conduction & ECG's, Lecture 4

What parameter is NOT directly associated with assessing ventilation in an anesthetized patient?

The fifth and sixth ribs are best used to:

Which of the following instruments directly provides information about both heart rate and rhythm?

When performing cardiac auscultation on an anesthetized patient, what complicating factor should the practitioner be aware of?

During anesthesia, arrhythmias are:

Which of the following is the MOST comprehensive method for assessing circulation in an anesthetized patient?

Which of the following is the MOST critical reason to palpate the pulse while simultaneously auscultating the heart?

You are monitoring an anesthetized dog and notice that the end-tidal CO2 is steadily rising. This MOST likely indicates a problem with:

An anesthetized patient exhibits pale mucous membranes despite having a normal heart rate and blood pressure. What is the MOST likely underlying cause?

A patient under anesthesia exhibits a heart rate of 180 bpm, a strong peripheral pulse, normal blood pressure (120/80 mmHg), but the ECG shows the presence of frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs). Which of the following actions is MOST appropriate?

During anesthesia, what is the primary reason an anesthetist monitors a patient's heart rhythm?

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of arrhythmias in anesthetized patients?

In a resting heart cell, what is the electrical charge inside the cell?

What is the term for the process where a heart cell returns to its negatively charged state after depolarization?

What would be the most likely result of a shortened refractory period in cardiac cells?

When performing electrocardiography, what does the QRS complex represent?

In Einthoven's Triangle, which lead is commonly used for anesthesia monitoring because it typically yields the largest complex?

When placing ECG electrodes on a patient, what is the mnemonic to remember lead placement?

Which of the following best describes why ECG readings are considered 2D representations of the heart’s electrical activity, even when using a 12-lead ECG?

Consider a scenario where an ECG machine consistently displays a wandering baseline despite proper lead placement, adequate skin contact with gel, and no visible external interference. If grounding the equipment and ensuring tight connections do not resolve the issue, what is the MOST likely underlying cause?

During cardiac auscultation of an anesthetized patient, what might a reduced cardiac contraction strength indicate?

When performing cardiac auscultation, where is the optimal location to place the stethoscope to best hear heart rate?

Under anesthesia, what is the significance of cardiac arrhythmias?

Which factor is least likely to cause arrhythmias in an anesthetized patient?

What best describes the role of the refractory period in cardiac cells?

What component of the ECG corresponds to atrial depolarization?

Why is it important to aim for a steady baseline when obtaining an ECG?

When placing ECG electrodes on a patient in right lateral recumbency using a four-electrode setup, where should the green electrode be placed?

Depolarization is best described as?

When monitoring an ECG during anesthesia, what does the monitoring equipment help the anesthetist to do?

What is the FIRST thing required to allow proper use of any electrode?

While evaluating an ECG, what parameter primarily indicates the speed of ventricular depolarization?

What would be a possible underlying condition to Sinus Bradycardia?

Which lead configuration is the best way to set up ECG to provide the most natural conduction?

During anesthesia, which parameter reflects the electrical impulse that is slowly passing through the atrioventricular (AV) node to allow coordinated ventricular contraction.

Considering the standard placement for a three-lead ECG, which of the following statements accurately describes the configuration of Lead I?

In a scenario where the ECG displays a consistent, repeating pattern of artifactual spikes that seem to coincide with the inflation cycle of an automatic blood pressure cuff, what is the MOST effective initial step to mitigate this interference?

What adjustment to ECG paper speed would be MOST beneficial to improve the resolution of rapid, closely spaced waveforms, such as those seen in a patient experiencing marked sinus tachycardia with a heart rate exceeding 220 bpm?

An anesthetized feline patient develops a supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with a heart rate consistently above 300 bpm. Standard vagal maneuvers are ineffective. Blood pressure is 70/40 mmHg. Further, intermittent periods of AV dissociation are noted on the ECG. What would be a reasonable next step?

During anesthesia, an anesthetist observes the following ECG: normal P waves and narrow QRS complexes are present, but occur at irregular intervals. The R-R intervals vary with the respiratory cycle; heart rate increases during inspiration and decreases during expiration. The patient is a healthy adult dog anesthetized for routine castration. The anesthetist should: