10 Questions
True or false: Mongolia is the world's largest landlocked country that borders a closed sea.
False
True or false: The majority of Mongolia's population is nomadic or semi-nomadic.
False
True or false: Buddhism is the only religion practiced in Mongolia.
False
True or false: Mongolia was a satellite state of China before achieving independence in 1990.
False
True or false: The last Khagan of Mongols was Ligden Khan, who died in 1634.
True
True or false: Mongolia's wildlife includes unique species like polar bears and penguins.
False
True or false: Mongolia's official language is Russian.
False
True or false: Mongolia's political system is a presidential republic.
False
True or false: Mongolia's foreign relations focus only on Russia and China.
False
True or false: Mongolia's fertility rate has been steadily increasing since the end of socialism.
False
Study Notes
- Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south.
- It covers an area of 1,564,116 square kilometres (603,909 square miles), with a population of just 3.3 million.
- Mongolia is the world's most sparsely populated sovereign nation and the world's largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea.
- The country has a history of nomadic empires, including the Mongol Empire founded by Genghis Khan in 1206.
- After the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongolia became a satellite state of the Soviet Union in 1924, but achieved independence in 1990.
- Approximately 30% of the population is nomadic or semi-nomadic, with horse culture remaining integral.
- Buddhism is the majority religion (51.7%), with the nonreligious being the second-largest group (40.6%).
- The vast majority of citizens are ethnic Mongols, with roughly 5% of the population being Kazakhs, Tuvans, and other ethnic minorities.
- Mongolia is a member of the United Nations, Asia Cooperation Dialogue, G77, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, Non-Aligned Movement and a NATO global partner.
- Mongolia joined the World Trade Organization in 1997 and seeks to expand its participation in regional economic and trade groups.
- The Mongol Empire was divided into khanates after the death of Möngke Khan in 1259.
- The "Great Khaanate" became the Yuan dynasty under Kublai Khan, with its capital in present-day Beijing.
- The Yuan dynasty was overthrown by the Ming dynasty in 1368, leading to the Northern Yuan dynasty.
- The Northern Yuan dynasty was marked by power struggles and Ming invasions.
- In the early 16th century, Dayan Khan and Mandukhai reunited the Mongol nation.
- Altan Khan founded Hohhot in 1557 and introduced Tibetan Buddhism to Mongolia.
- The last Khagan of Mongols was Ligden Khan, who died in 1634.
- Mongolia was under Manchu rule after the Khalkha submitted to Qing rule in 1691.
- Mongolia declared its independence in 1911, but was occupied by Chinese troops in 1919.
- The Mongolian People's Republic was established in 1924, with Khorloogiin Choibalsan rising to power and instituting collectivization and purges.
- Mongolia was admitted to the UN on October 27th, 1961.
- Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal took power in Mongolia in 1952 and was replaced by Jambyn Batmönkh in 1984.
- Mongolia underwent a peaceful Democratic Revolution in January 1990, leading to the introduction of a multi-party system and a market economy.
- A new constitution was introduced in 1992 and the term "People's Republic" was dropped from the country's name.
- Mongolia is the world's 18th-largest country and has a varied geography, including the Gobi Desert and cold, mountainous regions.
- The country has an extreme continental climate with long, cold winters and short summers.
- Mongolia's wildlife includes unique species like tadpole shrimps and Siberian prawn.
- Mongolia's total population is estimated to be around 3 million people, with a population growth rate of 1.2%.
- Mongolia's young and growing population has placed strains on the country's economy.
- Mongolia has experienced a decline in total fertility rate since the end of socialism.
- Mongolia's population is moderately homogeneous, with ethnic Mongols accounting for about 95% of the population.
- The official language is Mongolian, spoken by 95% of the population, with Russian and English also commonly spoken.
- Buddhism is the most widely practiced religion, followed by shamanism and Islam. Other religions, such as Christianity, have also spread in the country.
- Mongolia is a semi-presidential representative democratic republic with a directly elected President and a unicameral legislature.
- The largest political parties are the Mongolian People's Party and the Democratic Party.
- Mongolia's foreign relations focus on its two large neighbors, Russia and China, with whom it is economically dependent.
- Mongolia has been pursuing a third-neighbor foreign policy to build deeper relations and partnerships with other countries.
- The country's fertility rate declined from 7.33 children per woman in 1970-1975 to about 2.1 in 2000-2005, but has since stabilized at around 2.2-2.3 children per woman.
- Mongolian Sign Language is the principal language of the deaf community.
- Mongolia amended its constitution in 2019, transferring some powers from the President to the Prime Minister.
How much do you know about Mongolia? Test your knowledge with our quiz that covers the country's history, geography, culture, politics, and more. Challenge yourself and learn interesting facts about the world's most sparsely populated sovereign nation. Keywords: Mongolia, history, geography, culture, politics, facts, quiz.
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