chapter 15: Monetary Policy and Banking Regulation

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Questions and Answers

According to the basic quantity equation of money, if price and output fall while velocity increases, then:

  • The quantity of money will fall. (correct)
  • The quantity of money will rise.
  • The quantity of money will rise before it falls.
  • The quantity of money will rise slowly.

What is the name given to the macroeconomic equation MV = PQ?

  • Basic velocity of price equation
  • Basic velocity of money equation
  • Basic quantity equation of output
  • Basic quantity equation of money (correct)

If you were to survey central bankers from around the world and ask them what they believe the primary task of monetary policy should be, what would the most popular answer likely be?

  • Supervising banks
  • Preventing bank runs
  • Fighting inflation (correct)
  • Leveraging the business cycle to earn profits for the Central Bank

Atlantic Bank is required to hold 10% of deposits as reserves. If the central bank increases the discount rate, how would Atlantic Bank respond?

<p>By increasing its reserves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If GDP is 3600 and the money supply is 300, what is the velocity?

<p>12 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If nominal GDP is 1800 and the money supply is 450, then what is velocity?

<p>4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regardless of the outcome in the long run, ______________________ is designed to stimulate the economy in the short run.

<p>Expansionary monetary policy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a Central Bank makes a decision that will cause an increase in both the money supply and aggregate demand, it is:

<p>Following a loose monetary policy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the economy is in recession with high unemployment and output below potential GDP, then __________________ would cause the economy to return to its potential GDP?

<p>A loose monetary policy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is described as an innovative and nontraditional method used by the Federal Reserve to expand the quantity of money and credit during the Great Recession of 2007-2009?

<p>Quantitative easing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following institutions oversees the safety and stability of the U.S. banking system?

<p>The Federal Reserve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The central bank uses a ____________________ monetary policy to offset business related economic contractions and expansions?

<p>countercyclical (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the interest rate charged by the central bank when it makes loans to commercial banks?

<p>Discount rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the central bank decides it will sell bonds using open market operations:

<p>The money supply decreases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a Central Bank decides it needs to decrease both the aggregate demand and the money supply, then it will:

<p>Follow tight monetary policy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If GDP is 2400 and the money supply is 600, then what is the velocity?

<p>4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following institutions determines the quantity of money in the U.S. economy as its most important task?

<p>The Federal Reserve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a Central Bank takes action to decrease the money supply and increase the interest rate, it is following:

<p>A contractionary monetary policy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

_______________ will often cause monetary policy to be considered counterproductive because it makes it hard for the central bank to know when the policy will take effect?

<p>Long and variable time lags (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A central bank that desires to reduce the quantity of money in the economy can:

<p>Raise the reserve requirement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the Federal Reserve announces that it is implementing a new interest rate policy, it is actually targeting a change in the ____________________.

<p>Federal funds rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the economy is at potential GDP and the Central Bank adopts an expansionary monetary policy that shifts aggregate demand to the right, in the long run, the Central Bank will __________________.

<p>Create an inflationary increase in price level. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the central bank decides to increase the discount rate, the:

<p>Interest rates increase. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If nominal GDP is 2700 and the money supply is 900, what is velocity?

<p>3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered to be a relatively weak tool of monetary policy?

<p>Altering the discount rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following events would cause interest rates to increase?

<p>A higher discount rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A central bank that wants to increase the quantity of money in the economy will:

<p>Buy bonds in open market operations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms is used to describe the proportion of deposits that banks are legally required to deposit with the central bank?

<p>Reserve requirements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a traditional tool used by the Fed during recessions?

<p>Open market operations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the economy is at equilibrium as shown in the diagram above, then an expansionary monetary policy will:

<p>Reduce unemployment, but increase inflation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Basic Quantity Equation of Money

MV = PQ, relates money supply (M), velocity of money (V), price level (P), and real output (Q).

Primary Task of Monetary Policy

Keeping prices stable and predictable by controlling inflation.

Bank Response to Increased Discount Rate

When the central bank raises the discount rate, Atlantic Bank would need to hold more money in reserve.

Velocity of Money

Velocity is the rate at which money changes hands in an economy.

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Loose Monetary Policy

When a Central Bank makes a decision that will cause an increase in both the money supply and aggregate demand.

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Loose Monetary Policy in Recession

It would cause the economy to return to its potential GDP.

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Quantitative Easing

An unconventional method to increase money and credit during economic downturns.

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Countercyclical Monetary Policy

The central bank uses a monetary policy to offset business related economic contractions and expansions

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Discount Rate

The interest rate charged by the central bank when it makes loans to commercial banks.

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Selling Bonds

When the central bank sells bonds using open market operations, the money supply decreases.

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Tight Monetary Policy

Decreasing aggregate demand and the money supply.

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Contractionary Monetary Policy

A Central Bank takes action to decrease the money supply and increase the interest rate

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Long and Variable Time Lags

It makes it hard for the central bank to know when the policy will take effect

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Raise the reserve requirement

Reduce the quantity of money in the economy.

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Federal Funds Rate

It is actually targeting a change in the the federal funds rate.

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Economy at potential GDP

It can create an inflationary increase in price level.

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Interest rates increase

When the central bank decides to increase the discount rate.

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Altering the discount rate

Considered to be a relatively weak tool of monetary policy.

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Cause Interest Rates To increase

Higher discount rate.

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Buy bonds in open market operations

A central bank that wants to increase the quantity of money in the economy.

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Reserve Requirements

The proportion of deposits that banks are legally required to deposit with the central bank.

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Open Market Operations

A traditional tool used by the Fed during recessions.

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Expansionary Monetary Policy

Reduce unemployment, but increase inflation.

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Study Notes

Chapter 15: Monetary Policy and Banking Regulation

  • According to the basic quantity equation of money, the quantity of money will fall if price and output fall while velocity increases.
  • The macroeconomic equation MV = PQ is called the basic quantity equation of money.
  • Central bankers would likely say the primary task of monetary policy is fighting inflation.
  • Atlantic Bank would respond by increasing its reserves if the central bank increases the discount rate, given a 10% reserve requirement.
  • If GDP is 3600 and the money supply is 300, the velocity is 12.
  • When nominal GDP is 1800 and the money supply is 450, the velocity is 4.
  • Expansionary monetary policy is designed to stimulate the economy in the short run.
  • A decision by a Central Bank that increases both money supply and aggregate demand is following a loose monetary policy.
  • If the economy is in recession with high unemployment and output below potential GDP, a loose monetary policy would cause the economy to return to its potential GDP.
  • Quantitative easing is considered an innovative and nontraditional method used by the Federal Reserve to expand money and credit during the Great Recession of 2007-2009.
  • The Federal Reserve oversees the safety and stability of the U.S. banking system.
  • The central bank uses a countercyclical monetary policy to offset business-related economic contractions and expansions.
  • The interest rate charged by the central bank when it makes loans to commercial banks is the discount rate.
  • When the central bank sells bonds using open market operations, the money supply decreases.
  • To decrease both aggregate demand and the money supply, a Central Bank will follow a tight monetary policy.
  • If GDP is 2400 and the money supply is 600, then the velocity is 4.
  • The Federal Reserve determines the quantity of money in the U.S. economy.
  • Decreasing the money supply and increasing the interest rate is a contractionary monetary policy taken by a Central Bank.
  • Long and variable time lags can cause monetary policy to be considered counterproductive because it makes it hard for the central bank to know when the policy will take effect.
  • A central bank can raise the reserve requirement to reduce the quantity of money in the economy.
  • When the Federal Reserve announces that it is implementing a new interest rate policy, it is targeting a change in the federal funds rate.
  • If the economy is at potential GDP, an expansionary monetary policy that shifts aggregate demand to the right will create an inflationary increase in the price level in the long run.
  • When the central bank increases the discount rate, interest rates increase.
  • If nominal GDP is 2700 and the money supply is 900, velocity is 3.
  • Altering the discount rate is a relatively weak tool of monetary policy.
  • A higher discount rate will cause interest rates to increase.
  • A central bank will buy bonds in open market operations to increase the quantity of money in the economy.
  • Reserve requirements describe the proportion of deposits that banks are legally required to deposit with the central bank.
  • Open market operations are a traditional tool used by the Fed during recessions.
  • If the economy is at equilibrium as shown in the diagram above, then an expansionary monetary policy will reduce unemployment, but increase inflation.

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