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Questions and Answers
Explain how the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs of electrons around a central atom determines the molecular geometry according to the VSEPR theory.
Explain how the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs of electrons around a central atom determines the molecular geometry according to the VSEPR theory.
Bonding pairs and lone pairs repel each other; the geometry adopted minimizes this repulsion. Lone pairs exert a greater repulsive force than bonding pairs.
What is the electron dot (Lewis) structure for carbon disulfide ($CS_2$)?
What is the electron dot (Lewis) structure for carbon disulfide ($CS_2$)?
S=C=S
Describe the difference between electron geometry and molecular geometry. Why are they sometimes different?
Describe the difference between electron geometry and molecular geometry. Why are they sometimes different?
Electron geometry considers all electron pairs (bonding and lone pairs), while molecular geometry only considers the arrangement of atoms. They differ when there are lone pairs on the central atom.
Draw the structural formula of boron trifluoride ($BF_3$).
Draw the structural formula of boron trifluoride ($BF_3$).
Explain why methane ($CH_4$) is tetrahedral while ammonia ($NH_3$) is pyramidal, even though both have four electron pairs around the central atom.
Explain why methane ($CH_4$) is tetrahedral while ammonia ($NH_3$) is pyramidal, even though both have four electron pairs around the central atom.
What is the molecular shape of hydrogen iodide ($HI$)? Explain your reasoning.
What is the molecular shape of hydrogen iodide ($HI$)? Explain your reasoning.
Nitrogen trifluoride ($NF_3$) has one lone pair and three bonding pairs. What is its molecular geometry?
Nitrogen trifluoride ($NF_3$) has one lone pair and three bonding pairs. What is its molecular geometry?
Describe the bond angles in boron trifluoride ($BF_3$).
Describe the bond angles in boron trifluoride ($BF_3$).
Water ($H_2O$) has two bonding pairs and two lone pairs. What effect do the lone pairs have on its bond angle?
Water ($H_2O$) has two bonding pairs and two lone pairs. What effect do the lone pairs have on its bond angle?
How does the polarity of individual bonds and the molecular geometry combine to determine if a molecule is polar overall?
How does the polarity of individual bonds and the molecular geometry combine to determine if a molecule is polar overall?
Flashcards
What is VSEPR theory?
What is VSEPR theory?
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory; predicts the shapes of molecules based on the repulsion of electron pairs around a central atom.
What is a Molecular Diagram?
What is a Molecular Diagram?
A representation of a molecule showing how the atoms are arranged in three-dimensional space.
What is a Lewis Structure?
What is a Lewis Structure?
Diagram showing how valence electrons are arranged in a molecule. Dots represent electrons.
What is a Structural Formula?
What is a Structural Formula?
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What is a Tetrahedral Shape?
What is a Tetrahedral Shape?
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Study Notes
Shapes of Molecules
- Shapes of molecules described by Valence Electron Shell Repulsion Theory (VSEPR)
Predicting Molecular Shapes
- Predict the shape of CH4, NH3, H2O, HF, BF3, NF3, HI, and CS2 molecules
- Need to determine the electron dot (Lewis) structure, structural formula, and name of shape for each molecule mentioned above
- CH4 shape is tetrahedral
Elements
- Key elements with their atomic numbers and masses: -Hydrogen (H): 1.0 -Carbon (C): 12.0 -Nitrogen (N): 14.0 -Oxygen (O): 16.0 -Fluorine (F): 19.0 -Phosphorus (P): 31.0 -Sulfur (S): 32.1 -Chlorine (Cl): 35.5 -Selenium (Se): 79.0 -Bromine (Br): 79.9 -Iodine (I): 126.9
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