Molecular Polarity Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following molecules is non-polar despite having polar covalent bonds?

  • NH3
  • CCl4 (correct)
  • PH3
  • H2O
  • What determines the polarity of a molecule?

  • The number of lone pairs on the central atom.
  • The sum of the molecule's bond polarity vectors. (correct)
  • The presence of only non-polar covalent bonds.
  • The number of ionic bonds present.
  • In a bond dipole, which direction does the arrow point?

  • Away from the atom with a partial positive charge.
  • Along the direction of any non-polar bond.
  • Toward the more electronegative atom. (correct)
  • Toward the less electronegative atom.
  • Which of the following best describes the relationship between molecular polarity and bond polarity?

    <p>A molecule can have polar bonds but be non-polar overall based on its shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the partial charge symbol assigned to the less electronegative atom in a bond?

    <p>δ+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the polarity of a molecule with a trigonal pyramidal shape?

    <p>It is generally polar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Concerning solubility, why does water not effectively remove oil stains?

    <p>Water is polar, and oil is non-polar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the molecule $CO_2$, what effect to the polarity of the molecule do the bond dipoles have?

    <p>The dipoles cancel each other, resulting in a non-polar molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Molecular Polarity

    • VSEPR shapes determine if a molecule is polar or non-polar.
    • Water (H₂O) has polar covalent bonds and is a polar molecule.
    • Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) has polar covalent bonds but is a non-polar molecule.
    • Molecular polarity does not apply to ionic bonds.

    Determining Molecular Polarity

    • Molecular polarity results from the sum of bond polarity vectors.
    • Electronegativity differences create partial charges (δ+ and δ−).
    • δ+ indicates less electronegative, and δ− indicates more electronegative.
    • Bond dipoles show the direction of polarity, pointing towards the more electronegative atom.

    Polarity Determination Examples

    • C–Cl: Polarity direction: C → Cl
    • P–I: Polarity direction: P → I
    • N–O: Polarity direction: N → O

    Factors Affecting Polarity

    • Polar covalent bonds may or may not result in a polar molecule.
    • Non-polar covalent bonds may or may not result in a polar molecule.
    • The shape of the molecule (VSEPR) is crucial in determining overall polarity.
    • Consider bond dipoles as vectors.

    Examples of Polar vs. Nonpolar Molecules

    • CO₂ is a non-polar molecule, despite having polar bonds.
    • CH₄ is a non-polar molecule.
    • H₂O is a polar molecule.

    Additional Considerations

    • The X and Y vector components of bond dipoles sometimes cancel.
    • Identifying if molecules like NH₃ and BF₃ are polar or non-polar.
    • Determining if PH₃ is polar or non-polar.
    • General rules: Trigonal pyramidal molecules (N, P) are polar; Trigonal planar molecules (B, O, and double bonded Carbon) are non-polar, while tetrahedral with same atoms is non-polar.
    • CO₂ is an exception; while it has polar bonds, its linear shape results in a non-polar molecule.

    External Factors

    • Detergents clean clothes by disrupting hydrophobic interactions between dirt and fabric.
    • Lipids and bile acids also have hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions, disrupting lipid interactions.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on molecular polarity and the factors influencing it. This quiz covers polar and non-polar molecules, bond polarities, and the role of VSEPR shapes in determining molecular characteristics. Perfect for chemistry students to assess their understanding of the subject.

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