Molecular Genetics Overview

<p>64 codons for 20 amino acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The terminator DNA sequence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The isolation and characterization of genes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transposable elements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can disrupt or restore the function of a gene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>James Watson and Francis Crick (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stability of allele frequencies in a population under certain conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stores the total sum of DNA in an organism's chromosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A-T and G-C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To add nucleotides in specific sequences to new strands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It results in two identical molecules each with one original strand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genes that can move to a different location and disrupt gene function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognition of genes as sequences of nucleic acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Barbara McClintock (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytogenetics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control the expression of coding genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>tRNA transports amino acids to mRNA for protein assembly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA contains ribose and uses uracil instead of thymine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomes are the sites where mRNA is decoded to synthesize proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The genetic code is comprised of 64 possible codons that correspond to 20 amino acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenine - Thymine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sugar and phosphate groups (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a segment of DNA involved in protein synthesis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Purines pair only with pyrimidines in complementary base pairing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of genes as sequences of nucleic acids, their isolation, characterization, and mutations.

The physical arrangement of DNA's components.

DNA fragments that can move to different locations in a chromosome.

Scientist who discovered transposable elements(jumping genes).

How DNA carries genetic information and how it functions to create traits in organisms.

A DNA molecule is composed of nucleotides. Each nucleotide has three parts: a nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group.

There are four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Adenine and guanine are purines (double-ring structure), while cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines (single-ring structure).

In a DNA molecule, adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T) and guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C). These pairs are connected by hydrogen bonds.

A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein. Proteins are used by cells for various functions, like building structures, storing materials, or acting as enzymes.

DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle and creates two identical DNA molecules from one original molecule. The two strands of the DNA helix separate, and each strand serves as a template for building a new complementary strand.

The process by which genetic information is used to create a functional product, such as a protein. It involves two main steps: transcription and translation.

The process of copying genetic information from DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA). It occurs in the nucleus of a cell.

The process of converting the genetic code in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids, which form a protein. It occurs in the cytoplasm.

Transfer RNA (tRNA) acts as a translator during protein synthesis. It carries specific amino acids to the ribosome where they are added to the growing protein chain.

A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid. There are 64 possible codons, which code for 20 amino acids.

DNA segments that can move to new locations within a chromosome, potentially altering gene function.

Barbara McClintock, a groundbreaking scientist, discovered the existence of 'jumping genes' in the 1950s, paving the way for understanding gene movement and regulation.

The movement of a chromosome piece to a different location on the same or another chromosome.

Transposable elements can disrupt gene function by inserting themselves into crucial regions or can restore gene function by moving out of those regions, causing phenotypic changes.

Researchers utilize transposable elements as tools to understand gene function by manipulating their movement and observing the consequent changes in an organism.

DNA is made up of smaller units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains three parts: a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

There are four different nitrogenous bases in DNA: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Adenine and guanine are purines, and cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines.

Adenine always pairs with thymine (A-T) and guanine always pairs with cytosine (G-C) in DNA.

DNA replication is the process by which DNA copies itself. It happens during S phase of cell cycle and ensures that each new cell receives a complete set of DNA.

Gene expression involves two main steps: transcription, where a copy of the gene message is made from DNA using RNA, and translation, where RNA is translated to produce proteins.

There are three types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA) which is translated into proteins, transfer RNA (tRNA) which is involved in the machinery of translation, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) which also plays a role in translation.

Transfer RNA (tRNA) acts as a translator during protein synthesis. It carries specific amino acids to the ribosome where they are added to the growing protein chain.

The promoter region is a specific sequence of DNA located at the beginning of a gene that signals transcription enzymes to begin copying the gene. It's like a 'start' button for transcription.