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Questions and Answers
No tRNA exists that can bind to a stop codon, so the tRNA holding the polypeptide remains in the P site.
No tRNA exists that can bind to a stop codon, so the tRNA holding the polypeptide remains in the P site.
True
DNA gyrase is a double-stranded enzyme that introduces positive supercoils into DNA.
DNA gyrase is a double-stranded enzyme that introduces positive supercoils into DNA.
False
Supercoiling refers to the higher-level coiling of DNA that is already complementary during transcription or recombination.
Supercoiling refers to the higher-level coiling of DNA that is already complementary during transcription or recombination.
True
Catenanes are linear molecules of DNA that become interlocked during transcription or recombination.
Catenanes are linear molecules of DNA that become interlocked during transcription or recombination.
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An open reading frame is a sequence of bases that can be translated to give a protein.
An open reading frame is a sequence of bases that can be translated to give a protein.
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Housekeeping genes are often switched off because they are rarely needed for essential life functions.
Housekeeping genes are often switched off because they are rarely needed for essential life functions.
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The Pribnow box is a region of the bacterial promoter recognized by RNA polymerase, located 10 bases back from the start of transcription.
The Pribnow box is a region of the bacterial promoter recognized by RNA polymerase, located 10 bases back from the start of transcription.
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A primary transcript is the original RNA molecule obtained by transcription from a DNA template before any processing or modification.
A primary transcript is the original RNA molecule obtained by transcription from a DNA template before any processing or modification.
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Study Notes
Transcription and Translation
- Termination occurs when no tRNA can bind to a stop codon, leaving the tRNA holding the polypeptide in the P site.
- DNA gyrase is an enzyme that introduces negative supercoils into DNA, belonging to the type II topoisomerase family.
DNA Structure and Topology
- Supercoiling refers to the higher level coiling of DNA that is already complementary during transcription or recombination.
- Catenanes are circular molecules of DNA that may become interlocked during transcription or recombination.
Gene Expression
- An open reading frame is a sequence of bases in DNA or RNA that can be translated to give a protein.
- Constitutive genes often have -10 and -35 region promoter sequences close to consensus, but are repressed under rare conditions.
- Enhancers are regulatory sequences inside or far away from the promoter region that bind transcription factors.
mRNA Structure
- The 5'-UTR is the region of an mRNA between the 5' end and the translation start site.
- A primary transcript is the original RNA molecule obtained by transcription from a DNA template, before any processing or modification has occurred.
Gene Regulation
- Housekeeping genes are switched on some of the time because they are needed for essential life functions.
- The Pribnow box is a region of bacterial promoters, 10 bases back from the start of transcription, recognized by RNA polymerase.
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Description
This quiz covers essential terms in molecular biology, including transcription, translation, and DNA structure. Test your understanding of key concepts like termination, DNA gyrase, and supercoiling.
