Molecular Biology Techniques Quiz

False (B)

RNA-seq

<p>50,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SAGE = Built-in quality control features RNA-seq = Unbiased analysis of transcriptome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can only identify known genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cDNA from the mRNA component</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High sensitivity to detect as few as 5 molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>reverse transcriptase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It requires computer software that is still evolving. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Astronomy Studies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reverse Transcriptase PCR = Produces cDNA from mRNA Real Time PCR = Quantifies amplification during PCR Differential Display PCR = Isolates novel genes by comparing two samples Quantitative PCR = Measures the amount of DNA or RNA in real time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To amplify inserts directly from colonies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hematopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cyclins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distortion of the balance between abundant and rare RNA species</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell Differentiation = Identifies genes regulated during development Stress Responses = Identifies genes responsive to environmental stress Cell Cycle Analysis = Investigates gene expression during cell cycle phases Microbial Pathogenesis = Studies disease-causing mechanisms in microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precloning refers to the preparation steps taken before cloning cDNA fragments into vectors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows comparison of multiple stages simultaneously. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hybridization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Purification = Removing residual primers, nucleotides, and enzymes Restriction Enzyme Digestion = Creating compatible ends for ligation Ligation Protocol = Following specific protocols for inserting cDNA Transformation Efficiency = Maximizing yield using competent cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type of promoter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotic resistance serves as a selection marker to identify successfully transformed cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The difference between resistant and sensitive cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>signal cascades</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifying deletions in a single allele (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deletions in the 3' UTR of genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify gene expression originating from nutrient deficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiovascular disorders, neurological disorders, cancer, chronic idiopathic fatiguing illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>environmental</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathogenesis understanding = Insight into molecular mechanisms Novel markers identification = Diagnostics and therapy enhancement Nutrient deficiency effects = Gene expression alterations Low-abundance samples = Utilizing snap-frozen tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

A method to determine the absolute abundance of each transcript expressed in a population of cells.

The ability of SAGE to identify and quantify both known and novel genes or transcripts.

A method to sequence the entire transcriptome of a sample and compare it to another sample.

A key advantage of both SAGE and RNA-Seq, allowing for direct quantification of transcript abundance.

RNA-seq is not limited by pre-existing knowledge of the genome.

A key application of RNA-Seq, allowing for identification of genes that are expressed differently between two samples.

A way to study cellular heterogeneity and diversity, especially in stem cell biology and neuroscience.

A measure of how well a technique can detect low levels of transcripts.

The process of introducing ligated vectors (containing cDNA inserts) into bacterial cells, typically E. coli, for replication and amplification.

A method used to select for transformed bacteria containing desired cDNA inserts by growing them on media containing specific antibiotics.

A technique that allows researchers to amplify cDNA inserts directly from bacterial colonies, confirming the presence of desired genes.

A process involving steps taken before cloning cDNA fragments into vectors, ensuring the fragments are suitable for insertion and amplification.

The removal of residual primers, nucleotides, and enzymes from cDNA products after DDRT-PCR.

The use of restriction enzymes to create compatible ends on cDNA fragments and vectors, allowing them to be joined together during ligation.

A method for increasing the efficiency of cloning by ensuring that cDNA fragments are appropriately prepared, leading to reduced noise from non-specific products.

A vector (plasmid or other DNA molecule) used in cloning experiments, typically containing elements like promoters, selection markers, and sequences compatible with downstream applications.

A technique for studying gene expression by comparing the abundance of different RNA molecules in two or more samples. It involves generating cDNA from RNA, amplifying the cDNA using PCR, and then separating the amplified products on a gel. Bands that are present in one sample but not in another are then sequenced to identify the corresponding genes.

A type of PCR that uses fluorescence to measure the amount of DNA produced in each cycle. It allows scientists to quantify the amount of specific DNA sequences in a sample, which is useful for studying gene expression.

A method that uses RT (reverse transcriptase) and PCR to create and quantify DNA copies from RNA.

A disadvantage of open-ended technology is the high cost of equipment and operation, which can be a significant barrier to entry for many researchers.

The amplification steps in open-ended technology can create imbalances in the representation of abundant and rare RNA species, potentially distorting the true picture of gene expression.

Open-ended technologies may introduce errors or artifacts during selection and hybridization steps, potentially compromising the accuracy of the results.

Open-ended technology is still evolving and improving, as researchers continue to refine the software and algorithms used to analyze the data.

Open-ended technologies have limitations in terms of throughput, making it challenging to analyze a large number of genes simultaneously.

A technique that examines gene expression differences between groups of animals exposed to different treatments, such as nutrient deficiency or drug administration.

A method used to identify genes that are expressed only under specific environmental conditions, like nutrient deficiency or environmental stress.

A technique for studying gene expression when only limited amounts of mRNA are available, like from small tissue samples.

A technique used to understand how genes are involved in the development and progress of diseases.

Genes identified through DDRT-PCR that have potential to be used as markers for disease diagnosis or treatment.

The process by which an undifferentiated cell becomes specialized into a specific cell type, such as a nerve cell or blood cell.

The ordered series of events that a cell goes through from its formation to its own division.

A molecular event that triggers changes in gene expression, leading to cell growth, division, or other responses.

A gene or protein that is uniquely expressed in a specific cell type or developmental stage.

A change in the genetic code that alters the function of a gene, potentially leading to disease.

The ability of an organism to resist the effects of a drug. DDRT-PCR can identify genes involved in this process.

The study of factors that affect gene expression, such as nutrients, temperature, and pollutants.

A technique used to identify genes with altered expression levels between different cell types, such as cancerous and healthy cells.

Genes that promote uncontrolled cell growth and contribute to cancer development.

Genes that normally suppress cell growth and division, but when mutated or inactivated can contribute to cancer development.

A set of proteins that transmit and amplify signals from the cell's environment to the nucleus, ultimately affecting gene expression and cellular functions.

These molecules, located on the cell surface, can be used to identify or diagnose specific cell types, tissues, or even pathogens.

A research technique for identifying genetic changes, such as deletions or insertions, within DNA.

DDRT-PCR can be applied to find new targets for drugs and to understand how drug resistance develops.

DDRT-PCR can identify genes that are differentially expressed during immune cell activation and differentiation.