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Questions and Answers
What is the primary factor involved in termination of RNA synthesis?
What is the primary factor involved in termination of RNA synthesis?
- Temporary stabilization of the RNA DNA hybrid region
- Destabilization of hydrogen bonding between DNA and RNA within the open complex
- Recognition of a termination signal on the DNA by termination proteins (correct)
- Synthesis of a specific termination signal in the RNA
What is the role of an operator in gene regulation?
What is the role of an operator in gene regulation?
- It serves as the termination signal for RNA synthesis.
- It binds to RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.
- It is the site where a repressor can bind to block transcription. (correct)
- It determines the direction of RNA synthesis.
How does DNA methylation control gene expression in eukaryotes?
How does DNA methylation control gene expression in eukaryotes?
- By altering the DNA sequence directly.
- By enhancing the binding of RNA polymerase to DNA.
- By converting euchromatin to heterochromatin.
- By blocking promoter regions, thus preventing transcription. (correct)
Which relationship correctly represents the flow of genetic information?
Which relationship correctly represents the flow of genetic information?
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Which of the following components is a part of the negative control of gene expression?
Which of the following components is a part of the negative control of gene expression?
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Study Notes
RNA Synthesis Termination
- The primary factor involved in termination of RNA synthesis is the recognition of a termination signal on the DNA by termination proteins.
Gene Regulation
- Negative control: a type of gene regulation where a regulatory protein binds to the operator, preventing RNA polymerase from transcribing the gene.
- An operator: a specific DNA sequence that acts as a binding site for regulatory proteins, controlling transcription of adjacent genes.
Genotype, Phenotype, and Heredity
- Relationship among DNA, genotype, phenotype, and heredity:
- DNA → Genotype (genetic makeup)
- Genotype → Phenotype (physical traits and characteristics)
- Phenotype → Heredity (inherited traits)
Gene Expression in Eukaryotes
- Methylation of DNA in eukaryotes: a process that controls gene expression by adding a methyl group to cytosine residues in DNA, making it inaccessible to transcription factors, thereby silencing gene expression.
- Methylation of DNA in eukaryotes is an important epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression, especially during development and cell differentiation.
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