Molecular Biology: RNA Synthesis and Gene Regulation
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary factor involved in termination of RNA synthesis?

  • Temporary stabilization of the RNA DNA hybrid region
  • Destabilization of hydrogen bonding between DNA and RNA within the open complex
  • Recognition of a termination signal on the DNA by termination proteins (correct)
  • Synthesis of a specific termination signal in the RNA

    • What is the role of an operator in gene regulation?

  • It serves as the termination signal for RNA synthesis.
  • It binds to RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.
  • It is the site where a repressor can bind to block transcription. (correct)
  • It determines the direction of RNA synthesis.

    • How does DNA methylation control gene expression in eukaryotes?

  • By altering the DNA sequence directly.
  • By enhancing the binding of RNA polymerase to DNA.
  • By converting euchromatin to heterochromatin.
  • By blocking promoter regions, thus preventing transcription. (correct)

    • Which relationship correctly represents the flow of genetic information?

    <p>DNA -&gt; Genotype -&gt; Phenotype -&gt; Heredity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is a part of the negative control of gene expression?

    <p>Repressor protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    RNA Synthesis Termination

    • The primary factor involved in termination of RNA synthesis is the recognition of a termination signal on the DNA by termination proteins.

    Gene Regulation

    • Negative control: a type of gene regulation where a regulatory protein binds to the operator, preventing RNA polymerase from transcribing the gene.
    • An operator: a specific DNA sequence that acts as a binding site for regulatory proteins, controlling transcription of adjacent genes.

    Genotype, Phenotype, and Heredity

    • Relationship among DNA, genotype, phenotype, and heredity:
      • DNA → Genotype (genetic makeup)
      • Genotype → Phenotype (physical traits and characteristics)
      • Phenotype → Heredity (inherited traits)

    Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

    • Methylation of DNA in eukaryotes: a process that controls gene expression by adding a methyl group to cytosine residues in DNA, making it inaccessible to transcription factors, thereby silencing gene expression.
    • Methylation of DNA in eukaryotes is an important epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression, especially during development and cell differentiation.

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    Quiz questions about RNA synthesis, gene regulation, and related biological processes.

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