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Questions and Answers
What is the correct flow of genetic information in cells?
What is the correct flow of genetic information in cells?
Which of the following would be synthesized using 5'-CAGTTCGGA-3' as a template?
Which of the following would be synthesized using 5'-CAGTTCGGA-3' as a template?
During elongation in translation, to which ribosomal site does an incoming charged tRNA molecule bind?
During elongation in translation, to which ribosomal site does an incoming charged tRNA molecule bind?
During which stage of bacterial transcription is the sigma subunit of the RNA polymerase involved?
During which stage of bacterial transcription is the sigma subunit of the RNA polymerase involved?
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Which site initiates the immune response?
Which site initiates the immune response?
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Which cells are the source of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)?
Which cells are the source of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)?
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Which compound is produced by activated macrophages through an oxygen-dependent mechanism?
Which compound is produced by activated macrophages through an oxygen-dependent mechanism?
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Which immunoglobulin is the first produced after antigen exposure (e.g., bacteria)?
Which immunoglobulin is the first produced after antigen exposure (e.g., bacteria)?
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What is the correct flow of genetic information in cells?
What is the correct flow of genetic information in cells?
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Which enzymes do not need water for reactions?
Which enzymes do not need water for reactions?
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Which sequence would be synthesized using 5'-CAGTTCGGA-3' as a template?
Which sequence would be synthesized using 5'-CAGTTCGGA-3' as a template?
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During elongation in translation, to which ribosomal site does an incoming charged tRNA molecule bind?
During elongation in translation, to which ribosomal site does an incoming charged tRNA molecule bind?
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What is the important nutrient for bacterial teichoic acid?
What is the important nutrient for bacterial teichoic acid?
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Which bacterial group could not grow below 55°C?
Which bacterial group could not grow below 55°C?
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During which stage of bacterial transcription is the σ subunit of the RNA polymerase involved?
During which stage of bacterial transcription is the σ subunit of the RNA polymerase involved?
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Which type of transcriptional control can regulate both inducible and repressible genes?
Which type of transcriptional control can regulate both inducible and repressible genes?
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Which metabolic pathway is used by bacteria but not by eukaryotes?
Which metabolic pathway is used by bacteria but not by eukaryotes?
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Which of the following are storage inclusions?
Which of the following are storage inclusions?
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Which cytokine is primarily produced by natural killer cells?
Which cytokine is primarily produced by natural killer cells?
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All of the following statements regarding penicillins are true EXCEPT:
All of the following statements regarding penicillins are true EXCEPT:
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Which of the following is considered to be bacteriostatic?
Which of the following is considered to be bacteriostatic?
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Which among the following antibiotics functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor?
Which among the following antibiotics functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor?
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Benzylpenicillin is the chemical name for which of the following penicillin?
Benzylpenicillin is the chemical name for which of the following penicillin?
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What is a common feature among penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams?
What is a common feature among penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams?
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Which of the following fermentation processes is used in the production of penicillin?
Which of the following fermentation processes is used in the production of penicillin?
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Which of the following combinations would most likely contribute to the development of a superinfection?
Which of the following combinations would most likely contribute to the development of a superinfection?
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The F plasmid is involved in which of the following processes?
The F plasmid is involved in which of the following processes?
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The formation of pyrimidine dimers results from which of the following?
The formation of pyrimidine dimers results from which of the following?
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Which of the following is not involved in the initiation of replication?
Which of the following is not involved in the initiation of replication?
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Which of the following conditions leads to maximal expression of the lac operon?
Which of the following conditions leads to maximal expression of the lac operon?
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Which type of agar is used for growing Salmonella?
Which type of agar is used for growing Salmonella?
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What does E.coli secrete?
What does E.coli secrete?
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What types of antigens are present in Enterobacteriaceae?
What types of antigens are present in Enterobacteriaceae?
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Klebsiella has which antigens?
Klebsiella has which antigens?
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Which sugar conversion is associated with Lactobacillus?
Which sugar conversion is associated with Lactobacillus?
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What types of diseases can Serratia cause?
What types of diseases can Serratia cause?
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Which types of anthrax exist?
Which types of anthrax exist?
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What type of media is EMB?
What type of media is EMB?
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Study Notes
Flow of Genetic Information in Cells
- DNA to RNA to protein is the correct sequence of genetic information flow
- The other options are incorrect
Synthesized Sequence
- The correct synthesized sequence is 3'-AGGCTTGAC-4'
Ribosomal Site
- During elongation in translation, an incoming charged tRNA molecule binds to the A site of the ribosome
Bacterial Transcription Stage
- The sigma subunit of the RNA polymerase is involved in the initiation stage of bacterial transcription
Transcriptional Control
- Negative transcriptional control represses gene expression, whereas positive transcriptional control activates gene expression
- Both types of control can regulate inducible and repressible genes
Immunity
- Innate immunity is the first defense and is antigen-independent
- Thymus is the site for maturation of T cells, but not B cells
- Peyer patch is a mini lymph node
- Macrophages are not the only source of interleukin-6 (IL-6)
- Ig M antibodies play a role in protection against helminth infection
Immune Response
- The site where immune response is initiated is the thymus
- Natural killer cells are the source of Interferon-y (IFN-y)
- Macrophages activated to produce oxygen-dependent compounds produce nitric oxide
- The first immunoglobulin produced after antigen exposure is Ig A
- Antigen is the substance capable of eliciting a specific immune response
Antibiotics
- Benzylpenicillin is the chemical name for Penicillin G
- A common feature among the antibiotics like penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams is that they all have a β-lactam ring as a part of their biological interaction
- Aerobic fermentation is used in the production of penicillin
- Long-term use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials can contribute to the development of a superinfection
Fermentation
- Spherooplast and protoplast cells can live in a medium containing a high concentration of sucrose solution
- RNA POLYMERASE enzyme is an ideal target for antibiotics such as REFA, which leads to the killing of bacteria
Genetics
- The F plasmid is involved in the process of conjugation
- The formation of pyrimidine dimers results from exposure to ultraviolet radiation
- Ligase is not involved in the initiation of replication
- The conditions for maximal expression of the lac operon are lactose present and glucose absent
- A deletion of a codon is an example of a frameshift mutation
- The promoter is involved in the initiation of transcription
Biology Exam
- Transferases are the enzymes that do not need water for reactions
- Mg is the important nutrient for bacterial techoic acid
- Thermophel is the bacterial group that cannot grow at less than 55°C
- The Enter-Doudoroff pathway is used by bacteria but not by eukaryotes
- Carboxysomes are an example of storage inclusions
Antibiotics
- Most penicillins only cross the blood-brain barrier when the meninges are inflamed
- Penicillins inhibit the cross-linkage of peptidoglycans in the cell wall
- Piperacillin is a penicillin active against pseudomonas
- Only about 5 to 10% of people with a past history of penicillin allergy have a reaction on re-exposure
- Norfloxacillin, Chloramphenicol, Trimethoprim, and Rifampicin are all antibiotics that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
- Sulfasalazin is not an antibiotic that inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
- Concerning toxicity of antibiotics, enamel dysplasia is common with aminoglycosides, Grey Baby Syndrome occurs with rifampicin use, a disulfiram-like reaction can occur with macrolides, and haemolytic anaemias can occur with sulphonamide use
- Chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic antibiotic
- Metronidazole is used to treat giardia, causes a metallic taste in the mouth, inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase, and is used to treat gardnerella and trichomonas vaginalis
- Tetracycline is an antibiotic that functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor
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Description
Test your understanding of genetic information flow, transcription, and translation in cells. Questions cover molecular biology concepts, including DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis.
