Molecular Biology Quiz

<p>It allows for a single tRNA to recognize multiple codons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introns are transcribed but not translated. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA contains ribose sugar, while RNA contains deoxyribose sugar. (B), DNA contains thymine (T), while RNA contains uracil (U). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>40% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA helicase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a starting point for DNA polymerase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It connects the Okazaki fragments together (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can synthesize DNA during replication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction data revealing the helical nature of DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5'-TAAGCGAATT-3' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It binds to the promoter region and helps RNA polymerase initiate transcription (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shine-Dalgarno (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It recognizes and binds to the promoter region. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA helicase, primase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Telomerase prevents the shortening of chromosomes by adding telomeric repeats to the 3' end. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is involved in DNA repair. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only in the nucleus of eukaryotes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosome length will gradually decrease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It removes introns from primary mRNA. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A copying mechanism for the genetic material. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5’-ACGGCUAAGACGAU-3’ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability of a single gene to produce multiple proteins through alternative splicing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It facilitates 5' intron excision. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shine-Dalgarno sequence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It binds to the 5' cap of mRNA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They prevent the unwound DNA strands from re-annealing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heterochromatin is highly condensed and transcriptionally inactive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase, initiating transcription. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helicases unwind the DNA double helix, while topoisomerases prevent supercoiling. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>tRNA contains an anticodon loop that pairs with mRNA codons during translation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coiling of the DNA double helix. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a sequence found in prokaryotic mRNA that helps align the ribosome for translation initiation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Proteins that help package DNA and are positively charged, interacting with negatively charged DNA.

At least 3 bases of tRNA's anticodon must pair with mRNA's codon for translation.

DNA polymerases need a primer, template DNA, and dNTPs to synthesize DNA.

E. coli has circular, double-stranded DNA as its genetic material.

DNase treatment showed that DNA is the transforming principle by preventing transformation.

If adenine is 25%, then G+C content in fungus DNA is also 50%, according to Chargaff's rules.

Introns are non-coding regions removed from mRNA during splicing by snRNPs.

Griffith found that mice died when injected with a mix of dead virulent and live non-virulent bacteria.

The complementary sequence of 5'-AATTCGCTTA-3' is 5'-TAAGCGAATT-3'.

Consensus sequences -10 and -35 are important for RNA polymerase binding with sigma factor.

Telomerase synthesizes telomeric repeats at chromosome ends and is made of RNA and protein.

Leading strand, Okazaki fragment, RNA primer, lagging strand, template strand.

Splicing of transcripts occurs only in the nucleus of eukaryotes.

A nonfunctional telomerase leads to gradual decrease in chromosome length over mitosis.

They recognize the TATA box and recruit RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes.

The sigma factor aids in the initiation of transcription in prokaryotes by binding to promoter regions.

A ribosomal binding site in bacterial mRNA that initiates translation.

A complex that removes introns from pre-mRNA and performs splicing.

Proposed the double helix mechanism explaining DNA replication.

The number of amino acids coded in a specific mRNA transcript.

The sequence of RNA synthesized from a given DNA coding strand.

A process that allows a single gene to produce multiple proteins by varying which exons are included.

Protects eukaryotic mRNA and aids translation initiation.

The phenomenon where one gene can lead to many proteins due to processes like splicing.

Non-virulent bacteria can become virulent when they take up DNA from virulent bacteria.

Compaction involves nucleosome formation and further compaction of radial loops.

It contains cis-acting sequences and consensus sequences for RNA polymerase binding.

Single-stranded binding proteins keep the DNA template open during replication.

Chromosomes have heterochromatin (tightly packed) and euchromatin (loosely packed) regions.

tRNA is encoded by tRNA genes, has an anticodon loop, and accepts amino acids.

There can be multiple codons for a single amino acid, but not vice versa.

The leading strand synthesizes continuously 5' to 3'; the lagging strand synthesizes discontinuously.

The DNA strand that is synthesized continuously during replication.

The DNA strand that is synthesized in short segments, requiring multiple primers.

Short DNA segments formed on the lagging strand during replication.

An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during replication.

A protein that helps RNA polymerase bind to the promoter to initiate transcription.

Enzymes that transcribe DNA into RNA and do not require a primer.

Observations that DNA has equal amounts of purines and pyrimidines.

The observation that helicase operates faster on the leading strand than on the lagging strand.