Molecular Biology Quiz: Hedgehog and WNT Proteins

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What is the primary role of the hedgehog protein in relation to its receptor?

To degrade the Patched protein

To directly activate the transducer

To bind to Patched and inhibit Smoothened

To remove the inhibition of Smoothened (correct)

Which of the following accurately describes the function of WNT proteins?

They enhance gut regionalization processes

They exclusively regulate neural tube development

They are involved in regulating limb patterning (correct)

They are unrelated to the segment polarity gene

How many different WNT genes are known to exist?

15 (correct)

1,000

100,000

23

What is the basic unit of structure in chromatin?

Nucleosome Signup and view all the answers

What term describes tightly coiled DNA within chromatin?

Heterochromatin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins transduces the hedgehog signal?

Smoothened Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called whereby different proteins can be produced from a single gene?

Alternative splicing Signup and view all the answers

What role does serotonin (5HT) primarily play in cellular functions?

Regulation of cell proliferation and migration Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process whereby one group of cells induces another group to change their fate?

Induction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of norepinephrine in cellular signaling?

It acts through paracrine signaling as a ligand. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of competence in cellular signaling?

It is the ability to respond to inductive signals. Signup and view all the answers

What are splicing isoforms or splice variants derived from?

Alternative splicing of a single gene Signup and view all the answers

What is typically involved in the activation of signal transduction pathways?

Phosphorylation of proteins Signup and view all the answers

What components are considered juxtacrine factors in cellular signaling?

Ligands bound to a cell's surface Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the first polar body after its formation?

It can undergo a second division. Signup and view all the answers

What structure facilitates the transport of materials from follicular cells to the oocyte?

Microvilli of the plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a mature vesicular (Graafian) follicle?

The antrum is filled with follicular fluid. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs 24 hours after ovulation if the oocyte is not fertilized?

The oocyte undergoes degeneration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the zona pellucida during oocyte maturation?

It protects the oocyte from external disturbances. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell division occurs primarily in the primary oocyte before ovulation?

Meiosis I Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary event referred to as crossover in meiosis?

Interchange of chromatid segments Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of meiosis does chiasma formation occur?

Prophase of the first meiotic division Signup and view all the answers

How many daughter cells are produced from one primary oocyte after meiosis?

Four daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the anaphase of the first meiotic division?

Double-structured chromosomes pull apart Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the second meiotic division?

Each daughter cell contains single chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the process of homologous chromosomes approaching each other?

Pairing of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the ploidy of the daughter cells immediately after the first meiotic division?

Haploid with double-structured chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of chromosome separation during the second meiotic division?

Single chromosomes in each daughter cell Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the chromosomes during the crossover event?

Intimately paired homologous chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the chromosomes at the end of the meiosis process?

Daughter cells are genetically different from each other Signup and view all the answers