22 Questions
What is the correct flow of genetic information in cells?
DNA to RNA to protein
Which sequence will be synthesized using 5'-CAGTTCGGA-3' as a template?
3'-TCCGAACTG-5'
Which ribosomal site does an incoming charged tRNA molecule bind to during elongation in translation?
A site
During which stage of bacterial transcription is the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase involved?
Initiation
Which statement correctly summarizes how negative and positive transcriptional control can be used to regulate genes?
They can regulate both inducible and repressible genes.
Where is the site where immune response is initiated?
Lymph node
7- Benzylpenicillin is the chemical name for which of the following penicillin?
Penicillin G
8- What is a common feature among the following group of antibiotics like penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams?
They all have a β-lactam ring as a part of their biological interaction
9- Which of the following fermentation processes is used in the production of penicillin?
Aerobic fermentation
10- Which of the following combinations would most likely contribute to the development of a superinfection?
Long-term use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials
1- The F plasmid is involved in which of the following processes?
Conjugation
2- The formation of pyrimidine dimers results from which of the following?
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation
3- Which of the following is not involved in the initiation of replication?
Ligase
4- Which of the following conditions leads to maximal expression of the lac operon?
Lactose present, glucose absent
What is the correct flow of genetic information in cells?
DNA to RNA to protein
Which of the following would be synthesized using 5'-CAGTTCGGA-3' as a template?
3'-TCCGAACTG-5'
During elongation in translation, to which ribosomal site does an incoming charged tRNA molecule bind?
A site
During which stage of bacterial transcription is the sigma subunit of the RNA polymerase involved?
Initiation
Which of the following statements is true about the thymus?
Thymus is the site for maturation of T cells.
What is the first immunoglobulin produced after antigen exposure (e.g. bacteria)?
Ig M
Which substance is capable of eliciting a specific immune response?
Immunogen
Which of the following is a source of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)?
Natural killer cells
Study Notes
Flow of Genetic Information in Cells
- DNA to RNA to protein is the correct flow of genetic information in cells
Synthesized Sequence
- The synthesized sequence using 5'-CAGTTCGGA-3' as a template is 3'-GUCTTGACC-5'
Ribosomal Site
- During elongation in translation, an incoming charged tRNA molecule binds to the A site
Bacterial Transcription Stage
- The sigma subunit of RNA polymerase is involved in the initiation stage of bacterial transcription
Transcriptional Control
- Negative transcriptional control and positive transcriptional control can be used to regulate both inducible and repressible genes
Immune System
- Innate immunity is antigen-independent and the first defense
- Thymus is the site for maturation of T cells, not B cells
- Peyer patch is a mini lymph node
- Macrophages are not the only source of interleukin-6 (IL-6)
- Ig M antibodies play a role in protection against helminth infection
Immune Response
- The site where immune response is initiated is the lymph node
- Natural killer cells are the source of Interferon-y (IFN-y)
- Macrophages activated to produce oxygen-dependent compounds produce nitric oxide
- The first immunoglobulin produced after antigen exposure is Ig M
- An antigen is a substance capable of eliciting a specific immune response
Antibiotics
- Benzylpenicillin is the chemical name for Penicillin G
- A common feature among antibiotics like penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams is that they all have a β-lactam ring as part of their biological interaction
- Aerobic fermentation is used in the production of penicillin
- Long-term use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials can contribute to the development of a superinfection
Microbiology
- Protoplast and spheroplast cells can live in a medium containing a high concentration of sucrose solution
- RNA POLYMERASE enzyme is an ideal target for antibiotics such as REFA and thus leads to the killing of bacteria
- The F plasmid is involved in the process of conjugation
- The formation of pyrimidine dimers results from exposure to ultraviolet radiation
- Primase is not involved in the initiation of replication
- Maximal expression of the lac operon occurs when lactose is present and glucose is absent
- A deletion of one nucleotide is an example of a frameshift mutation
- The promoter is involved in the initiation of transcription
Test your knowledge of genetic information flow, DNA and RNA synthesis, and translation in cells. Questions cover topics such as transcription and translation stages.
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