Molecular Biology Lecture 1: Genome
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Questions and Answers

What is the reason why A-T base pairs are easier to unzip?

  • They have one hydrogen bond
  • They have four hydrogen bonds
  • They have two hydrogen bonds (correct)
  • They have three hydrogen bonds

    • What is the function of helicase in the replication process?

  • To synthesize RNA primers
  • To unwind and separate the DNA helix into single-stranded DNA (correct)
  • To synthesize DNA continuously
  • To join DNA fragments

    • How many RNA primers are needed on the leading strand?

  • Two
  • One (correct)
  • None
  • Multiple

    • What is the direction in which DNA polymerase synthesizes new strands?

    <p>5′ to 3′ direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the replication fork?

    <p>To provide a Y-shaped structure for DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA ligase in the replication process?

    <p>To join DNA fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of genetic material?

    <p>To encode the information for the production of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four different monomers that make up DNA?

    <p>Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the entire genetic complement of a living organism?

    <p>Genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic structure of DNA?

    <p>Double-stranded helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

    <p>Purine and pyrimidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the component of a nucleotide that contains a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms?

    <p>Phosphate group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of synthesis of the lagging strand relative to the replication fork?

    <p>Away from the replication fork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the lagging strand need to be synthesized in pieces?

    <p>Because the DNA polymerase can only synthesize in the 5' to 3' direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the RNA primer in the synthesis of Okazaki fragments?

    <p>To initiate the synthesis of each Okazaki fragment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines which of the four DNA nucleotides is added to the new strand during elongation?

    <p>The template strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when DNA polymerase reaches a section of DNA template that has already been replicated?

    <p>It halts and drops off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the unattached sections of the sugar-phosphate backbone in an otherwise full-replicated DNA strand called?

    <p>Nicks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds hold the nitrogenous bases together between DNA strands?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hydrogen bonds form between guanine and cytosine?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the strands in a DNA double helix?

    <p>One strand is 5’ to 3’ and the other is 3’ to 5’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule?

    <p>DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the complex that targets the origins of DNA replication?

    <p>Origin recognition complex (ORC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction does DNA replication proceed from the origin of replication?

    <p>In both directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzymes are responsible for removing RNA primers during DNA replication?

    <p>FEN1 and RNase H</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of FEN1 and RNase H in DNA replication?

    <p>To remove RNA primers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fills in the gaps left by RNA primer removal?

    <p>DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final stage of DNA replication?

    <p>Ligation of sugar-phosphate backbones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the high fidelity of DNA replication?

    <p>Ability of DNA polymerase to efficiently select correct nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated frequency of incorrect nucleotide incorporation during DNA replication?

    <p>One wrong nucleotide per 10^8-10^10 nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

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