30 Questions
What is the reason why A-T base pairs are easier to unzip?
They have two hydrogen bonds
What is the function of helicase in the replication process?
To unwind and separate the DNA helix into single-stranded DNA
How many RNA primers are needed on the leading strand?
One
What is the direction in which DNA polymerase synthesizes new strands?
5′ to 3′ direction
What is the purpose of the replication fork?
To provide a Y-shaped structure for DNA replication
What is the function of DNA ligase in the replication process?
To join DNA fragments
What is the primary function of genetic material?
To encode the information for the production of proteins
What are the four different monomers that make up DNA?
Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
What is the term for the entire genetic complement of a living organism?
Genome
What is the characteristic structure of DNA?
Double-stranded helix
What are the two types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
Purine and pyrimidine
What is the component of a nucleotide that contains a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms?
Phosphate group
What is the direction of synthesis of the lagging strand relative to the replication fork?
Away from the replication fork
Why does the lagging strand need to be synthesized in pieces?
Because the DNA polymerase can only synthesize in the 5' to 3' direction
What is the role of the RNA primer in the synthesis of Okazaki fragments?
To initiate the synthesis of each Okazaki fragment
What determines which of the four DNA nucleotides is added to the new strand during elongation?
The template strand
What happens when DNA polymerase reaches a section of DNA template that has already been replicated?
It halts and drops off
What are the unattached sections of the sugar-phosphate backbone in an otherwise full-replicated DNA strand called?
Nicks
What type of bonds hold the nitrogenous bases together between DNA strands?
Hydrogen bonds
How many hydrogen bonds form between guanine and cytosine?
Three
What is the direction of the strands in a DNA double helix?
One strand is 5’ to 3’ and the other is 3’ to 5’
What is the term for the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule?
DNA replication
What is the name of the complex that targets the origins of DNA replication?
Origin recognition complex (ORC)
In which direction does DNA replication proceed from the origin of replication?
In both directions
Which enzymes are responsible for removing RNA primers during DNA replication?
FEN1 and RNase H
What is the purpose of FEN1 and RNase H in DNA replication?
To remove RNA primers
What fills in the gaps left by RNA primer removal?
DNA polymerase
What is the final stage of DNA replication?
Ligation of sugar-phosphate backbones
What is responsible for the high fidelity of DNA replication?
Ability of DNA polymerase to efficiently select correct nucleotides
What is the estimated frequency of incorrect nucleotide incorporation during DNA replication?
One wrong nucleotide per 10^8-10^10 nucleotides
This quiz covers the basics of molecular biology, focusing on the genome, its definition, and its functions in encoding protein information and replication.
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