Molecular Biology DNA Replication Quiz

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What is the primary function of helicase in DNA replication?

It ligates Okazaki fragments.

It unwinds the DNA double helix. (correct)

It synthesizes RNA primers.

It adds nucleotides to the growing strand.

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for adding nucleotides during DNA replication?

Topoisomerase

Helicase

Ligase

DNA polymerase (correct)

In the context of leading and lagging strand synthesis, which statement is correct?

Both strands are synthesized in a continuous manner.

Leading strand synthesis is slower than lagging strand synthesis.

DNA polymerase moves away from the replication fork on the leading strand.

Lagging strand synthesis requires multiple RNA primers. (correct)

What is the consequence of a loss of the 3’ hydroxyl group during nucleotide addition?

Nucleotide addition will be halted. Signup and view all the answers

How do topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II differ in their mechanisms?

Topoisomerase I does not require ATP, while topoisomerase II does. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the helicase perform during the replication process?

Opens the DNA at the origin Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Okazaki fragments is correct?

They are initiated by RNA primers and require DNA ligase to connect them. Signup and view all the answers

Why are multiple origins of replication necessary in eukaryotic cells?

To ensure complete replication of the large eukaryotic genome in a timely manner. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of DNA ligase during the replication process?

To catalyze the joining of Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand. Signup and view all the answers

What function does the primer serve during DNA replication?

It offers a free 3'-OH group for the extension of the new DNA strand. Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication primarily occur?

S phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of errors during DNA replication?

They can result in mutations in the genetic sequence. Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is responsible for relieving torsional strain during replication?

Topoisomerase Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the early replication regions in DNA replication?

Typically found between genes or at distinct locations Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the pre-replication complex (Pre-RC) is crucial for initiating replication licensing?

MCM helicase Signup and view all the answers

How does transcription influence the process of DNA replication?

Transcription contributes to genomic instability. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of DNA pol I in prokaryotic DNA replication?

To remove RNA templates during lagging strand synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What unique challenge does the end-replication problem present for linear chromosomes?

It results in progressive genetic information loss. Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates lagging strand synthesis from leading strand synthesis?

Lagging strand synthesis involves Okazaki fragments. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of topoisomerases in DNA replication?

They manage the unwinding of the DNA helix. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these DNA polymerases is primarily responsible for elongating the leading strand in eukaryotes?

Pol ε (epsilon) Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence characteristic is typical of late replication regions?

Distribution patterns are almost random Signup and view all the answers

What role does Flap Endonuclease (FEN1) play in the finalization of DNA synthesis?

Cleaves long RNA flaps for proper integration Signup and view all the answers

How does rolling circle replication differ from conventional replication?

It synthesizes multiple strands of DNA simultaneously. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of having insufficient 3’OH during DNA synthesis?

Stalled elongation of DNA strands Signup and view all the answers

In which type of DNA replication does the nuclease cut one DNA strand to initiate replication?

Rolling circle replication Signup and view all the answers

What factors primarily determine the locations of late replication regions in organisms?

Organism-specific genetic patterns Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a subunit of DNA pol III in prokaryotes?

Gamma (γ) Signup and view all the answers