Molecular Biology Concepts Quiz
44 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

Paternally imprinted gene = Not expressed from the chromosome provided from the mother, but expressed from a chromosome from the father snRNAs = Functional RNAs that can repress translation of certain mRNAs Poly-A polymerase = Processing factor that adds the poly-A sequence to the 3'-end of prokaryotic mRNAs Histone methylation = Epigenetic mark that can be found in chromatin of expressed or repressed genes

Which of the following is a conserved nucleotide in introns that forms a covalent bond with the 5' nucleotide?

  • Branch point (correct)
  • miRNAs
  • Sigma factor
  • Histone methylation

    • X-chromosome inactivation is a dosage compensation mechanism in mammals.

    True

    What is the primary function of miRNAs?

    <p>To repress translation of certain mRNAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ factor is associated with actively expressed genes.

    <p>sigma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following genes is affected in the GAL7(UAS∆) mutant?

    <p>GAL7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gene is expressed from the chromosome provided by the father but not from that provided by the mother?

    <p>Paternally imprinted gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GAL4 is a transcriptional repressor for the GAL7 and GAL10 genes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ sequence is added to the 3'-end of prokaryotic mRNAs.

    <p>poly-A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Histone methylation is associated with gene repression exclusively.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for GAL4 to be described as a 'modular protein'?

    <p>GAL4 is a modular protein because it has distinct functional domains that can operate independently to regulate gene expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The GAL4 transcriptional activator binds to the _______ sequences upstream of the GAL7 and GAL10 genes.

    <p>UAS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the strains with their expected GAL7 expression in the presence of galactose:

    <p>Wild type = Expressed GAL4- = Not expressed GAL80- = Expressed GAL3- = Not expressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sequence is NOT required for RNA polymerase holoenzyme binding in prokaryotes?

    <p>The GC-rich box and the CCAAT box</p> Signup and view all the answers

    AraC acts as a repressor when arabinose is present.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is transcriptional attenuation?

    <p>A regulatory mechanism that allows premature termination of transcription in response to specific signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II is required for ____________.

    <p>transcriptional elongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for transcriptional termination in E. coli?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eukaryotic genes contain introns, which makes transcriptional attenuation possible.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is required for binding RNA polymerase II to the promoter region?

    <p>The TATA box and additional transcription factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following factors with their roles in transcription:

    <p>RNA polymerase II = Transcriptional elongation AraC = Regulation of the arabinose operon Rho factor = Transcriptional termination in E. coli AAUAAA sequence = Transcriptional termination in eukaryotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome?

    <p>Transfer RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eukaryotic mRNAs have a poly-A sequence added to their 3' end.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of spliceosome positioning RNAs?

    <p>To facilitate the splicing of pre-mRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 5'-Cap is added to certain mRNAs, which helps in ______ stability and translation initiation.

    <p>mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about RNA molecules compared to DNA molecules?

    <p>RNA contains ribose sugars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following RNA types with their functions:

    <p>Messenger RNA = Carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes Transfer RNA = Brings amino acids to ribosomes Ribosomal RNA = Makes up the structure of ribosomes Small nuclear RNA = Involved in RNA splicing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RNA molecules can be synthesized in both 5' to 3' and 3' to 5' directions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What recognizes conserved promoter sequences in DNA?

    <p>RNA polymerase holoenzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of the anti-codon that recognizes the AUG codon?

    <p>UAC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mutation could potentially lead to Mutant 1 expressing the lac operon genes constitutively?

    <p>Mutation in the repressor gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mutant 2 fails to express genes in the presence of lactose.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the presence of lactose, Mutant 3 expresses low levels of the lac operon genes due to a mutation in the ______.

    <p>repressor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the possible codons that the tRNA with anti-codon 3'-CAU-5' can recognize.

    <p>5'-GUA-3', 5'-GUC-3', 5'-GUG-3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which E. coli lac operon mutant expresses genes only in the presence of lactose at low levels?

    <p>Mutant 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the mutants with their corresponding lac operon expression pattern:

    <p>Mutant 1 = Constitutive high expression Mutant 2 = No expression Mutant 3 = Low expression in presence of lactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components should be included in the in vitro RNA synthesis reactions?

    <p>rNTPs and RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of triplets will encode proline given a ratio of 2C:1U?

    <p>4/9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The amino acids methionine and valine can form a di-peptide during translation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'R group' on an amino acid represent?

    <p>Side chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Methionine-Valine di-peptide, the __________ bond forms between the amino group of methionine and the carboxylic acid group of valine.

    <p>peptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following amino acids with their corresponding structure:

    <p>Methionine = Contains a sulfur atom in its side chain Valine = Branched side chain with two methyl groups Alanine = Simple side chain consisting of a single methyl group Leucine = Branched side chain with an extra carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tRNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>To transport amino acids to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The codon AUG codes for Methionine, the start signal for translation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Part 1: Matching

    • Paternally imprinted gene: Expressed from the chromosome inherited from the father, not the mother.
    • snRNAs: Conserved nucleotides in introns, forming a covalent bond with the 5' nucleotide of the intron.
    • Poly-A polymerase: Processing factor that adds the poly-A sequence to the 3' end of prokaryotic mRNAs.
    • Histone methylation: Associated with actively expressed genes.
    • miRNAs: Functional RNAs that can repress translation of certain mRNAs.
    • Sigma factor: Enhancer binding protein.
    • Branch point: Conserved nucleotide located at the 5' end of introns.
    • X-chromosome inactivation: Dosage compensation mechanism in mammals.

    Part 2: Multiple Choice

    • DNA double helix forms through base-pair complementarity in an anti-parallel orientation.
    • DNA contains ribose sugars and adenine nucleotides.
    • RNA of different genes can be transcribed off either strand, but always synthesized 5' to 3'.
    • Prokaryotic cis-acting sequences for RNA polymerase holoenzyme binding include the -35 and -10 regions.
    • AraC functions as a repressor when arabinose is absent and an activator when arabinose is present.
    • Transcriptional attenuation is a prokaryote-specific mechanism because prokaryotic mRNAs can be translated while they are being transcribed.

    Part 3: Short Answer

    • Amino acids & structure: Methionine and valine structures are displayed, with clear identification of amino group, carboxylic acid group, and alpha-carbon.
    • Di-peptide: A diagram of Methionine-Valine di-peptide is drawn, highlighting the peptide bond between the amino acids.
    • Specific tRNA: In a diagram, the position of attached Methionine (Met-tRNAMet) is indicated in the charged tRNA.
    • Anticodon sequence: Sequence of the anti-codon that recognizes AUG codon (5' to 3') is determined. (e.g. UAC)
    • Valine codons and wobble rules: Codons that are recognized by two different tRNAs with specific anti-codons are outlined using the wobble rules. This shows multiple codons are possible matching a specific anti-codon.
    • Lac operon regulation A table is provided with various types of mutations affecting the lac operon in various situations: absent and presence of lactose.
    • Yeast GAL genes and regulation: A table details expression of GAL genes in the presence and absence of galactose under various genetic conditions.
    • Briefly explains what a modular protein is for the GAL4 transcriptional activator.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Bios 220 Exam 3 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on key molecular biology concepts including gene expression, RNA function, and DNA structure. This quiz covers definitions and characteristics of important biological molecules and processes relevant to genetics.

    More Like This

    Genetics and DNA: Understanding RNA and Gene Expression
    6 questions

    Genetics and DNA: Understanding RNA and Gene Expression

    InestimableTurquoise avatar
    InestimableTurquoise
    Gene Expression Analysis Techniques
    69 questions

    Gene Expression Analysis Techniques

    WellBalancedKineticArt avatar
    WellBalancedKineticArt
    Gene Expression Overview
    51 questions

    Gene Expression Overview

    MesmerizingPerception5366 avatar
    MesmerizingPerception5366
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser