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Questions and Answers
What is the approximate haploid content of human DNA?
What is the approximate haploid content of human DNA?
3.3 x 10⁹ bp
What is the chemical structure of a nucleotide?
What is the chemical structure of a nucleotide?
A nucleotide comprises a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group.
What is the name of the bond that links a nitrogenous base to the pentose sugar in a nucleotide?
What is the name of the bond that links a nitrogenous base to the pentose sugar in a nucleotide?
N-glycosidic linkage
What is the name of the bond that links two nucleotides together in a polynucleotide chain?
What is the name of the bond that links two nucleotides together in a polynucleotide chain?
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The backbone of a polynucleotide chain is formed by the sugar and phosphate molecules.
The backbone of a polynucleotide chain is formed by the sugar and phosphate molecules.
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RNA contains thymine as one of its nitrogenous bases.
RNA contains thymine as one of its nitrogenous bases.
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Who first identified DNA as an acidic substance present in the nucleus?
Who first identified DNA as an acidic substance present in the nucleus?
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Who proposed the Double Helix model for the structure of DNA?
Who proposed the Double Helix model for the structure of DNA?
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What is the name of the rule that states that the amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine in a double-stranded DNA molecule?
What is the name of the rule that states that the amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine in a double-stranded DNA molecule?
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What is the distance between two consecutive base pairs in a DNA double helix?
What is the distance between two consecutive base pairs in a DNA double helix?
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What is the name of the structure formed when DNA is wrapped around a histone octamer?
What is the name of the structure formed when DNA is wrapped around a histone octamer?
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What is the thread-like structure formed by nucleosomes in the nucleus called?
What is the thread-like structure formed by nucleosomes in the nucleus called?
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What is the name of the process by which DNA is copied into RNA?
What is the name of the process by which DNA is copied into RNA?
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What is the name of the strand of DNA that is used as a template for RNA synthesis?
What is the name of the strand of DNA that is used as a template for RNA synthesis?
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What is the name of the strand of DNA that has the same sequence as the RNA molecule?
What is the name of the strand of DNA that has the same sequence as the RNA molecule?
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What is the name of the DNA sequence that provides a binding site for RNA polymerase?
What is the name of the DNA sequence that provides a binding site for RNA polymerase?
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What is the name of the DNA sequence that signals the end of transcription?
What is the name of the DNA sequence that signals the end of transcription?
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What is the name of the process by which the genetic information in mRNA is used to synthesize a protein?
What is the name of the process by which the genetic information in mRNA is used to synthesize a protein?
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What is the set of three consecutive nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid?
What is the set of three consecutive nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid?
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What is the RNA molecule that acts as an adapter, bringing the correct amino acid to the ribosome during translation?
What is the RNA molecule that acts as an adapter, bringing the correct amino acid to the ribosome during translation?
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What is the process by which the expression of genes is regulated?
What is the process by which the expression of genes is regulated?
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What is the name of the regulatory unit that controls the expression of a group of genes that are involved in a related metabolic pathway?
What is the name of the regulatory unit that controls the expression of a group of genes that are involved in a related metabolic pathway?
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What is the name of the operon that is regulated by the presence of lactose?
What is the name of the operon that is regulated by the presence of lactose?
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Study Notes
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- DNA is the genetic material in most organisms, regulating inheritance patterns.
- Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are polymers of nucleotides.
- DNA is the primary genetic material, while RNA has additional roles.
- DNA's structure is a double helix with antiparallel strands, held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs (A-T, G-C).
- Each nucleotide comprises a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA), and a phosphate group.
- DNA replication is semiconservative, each new DNA molecule comprising one original and one newly synthesised strand.
- DNA replication is catalysed by DNA-dependent DNA polymerase enzymes.
- Transcription is the process where DNA's genetic information is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA).
- mRNA carries genetic information to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
- The genetic code consists of three-nucleotide codons that specify particular amino acids.
- Translation is the process whereby mRNA's codons are translated into a sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains to form proteins.
- Genes are organized into functional units called operons in prokaryotes (e.g., the lac operon).
- Gene expression is regulated at various levels, including transcription and translation.
- Mutations in DNA sequences can lead to changes in protein sequences and potential phenotypic consequences.
- DNA fingerprinting uses variations in repetitive DNA sequences to identify individuals.
- The Human Genome Project (HGP) aimed to map and sequence the entire human genome.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the molecular basis of inheritance, including the roles of DNA and RNA, the structure of nucleotides, and the processes of replication, transcription, and translation. This quiz covers the essential concepts that regulate inheritance patterns in organisms.
