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Questions and Answers
What is the origin of the term 'mole' in chemistry?
What is the origin of the term 'mole' in chemistry?
The term 'mole' comes from the Latin word meaning 'heap' or 'huge pile'
What is the difference between isotopes of the same element?
What is the difference between isotopes of the same element?
Isotopes have the same number of protons in the atomic nucleus but a different number of neutrons
What is the significance of Avogadro's number?
What is the significance of Avogadro's number?
Avogadro's number is a large value (6.02 x 10^23) because the masses of atoms are small
How is the molar mass of an element calculated?
How is the molar mass of an element calculated?
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What is the difference between formula mass and molecular mass?
What is the difference between formula mass and molecular mass?
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What information is implied by one mole of an element?
What information is implied by one mole of an element?
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What is the term for the solidified lava flow that originally forced its way between rocks?
What is the term for the solidified lava flow that originally forced its way between rocks?
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What is the name of the fast-moving current of gases and rocks that includes pumice, ash, and block flow?
What is the name of the fast-moving current of gases and rocks that includes pumice, ash, and block flow?
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What is the term for particles that are less than 2mm in diameter?
What is the term for particles that are less than 2mm in diameter?
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What is the term for the mixture of volcanic debris and water that flows down the slopes of a volcano?
What is the term for the mixture of volcanic debris and water that flows down the slopes of a volcano?
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What is the term for the highest point of the apex of a volcano?
What is the term for the highest point of the apex of a volcano?
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What is the term for the channel or pipe that conveys liquid magma?
What is the term for the channel or pipe that conveys liquid magma?
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Study Notes
Mole Concept
- The mole (mol) is a counting unit in chemistry, derived from the Latin term meaning "heap."
- 1 mole is equivalent to 12 grams of a substance, linking moles to everyday quantities, similar to a dozen.
Isotopes
- Isotopes are variants of a chemical element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, affecting their atomic mass.
Avogadro's Number
- Avogadro's number, 6.02 x 10^23, represents the number of particles in one mole, illustrating the small masses of individual atoms.
- Units conversions: 0.001 mol equals 1 millimole (mmol), 100 mol equals 1 hectomole (hmol), and 0.01 mol equals 1 decimole (dmol).
Molar Mass
- Atomic mass represents the weighted average of the isotopes of an element.
- Calculation of atomic mass varies:
- Even atomic number: Atomic number * 2
- Odd atomic number: Atomic number * 2 + 1
- Exceptional cases include elements like Be, N, Cl, and Ar.
- Formula mass is calculated by summing atomic masses of all atoms in a compound, necessitating knowledge of each element’s molar mass.
- Molar mass is expressed in grams per mole (g/mol) and indicates the mass of one mole of a substance.
Formula and Molecular Mass
- The terms formula mass and molecular mass are interchangeable when discussing molecular compounds, representing the same calculation.
Stoichiometric Conversions
- One mole corresponds to both the element's molar mass and Avogadro’s number universally across elements.
Volcanic Terminology
- Conduit: A channel or pipe that transports magma.
- Flank: The side of a volcano.
- Summit: The apex or highest point of a volcano.
- Throat: The entrance of a volcanic vent.
- Ash cloud: Composed of volcanic ash and rock fragments produced during eruptions.
Types of Volcanic Material
- Volcanic bombs are lava chunks that solidify during their airborne trajectory.
- Pyroclastic flow includes rapid currents of gas and rocks, consisting of pumice, ash, and various block flows.
Volcanic Fragment Sizes
- Ash: Particles smaller than 2mm.
- Lapilli: Particles between 2mm and 64mm.
- Blocks and bombs: Particles larger than 64mm.
Tephra and Lahars
- Tephra fall consists of fragmented volcanic material, such as pumice and scoria.
- Lahars are volcanic mudflows; hot lahar results from eruptions, while cold lahar is due to heavy rainfall.
Formation of Volcanoes
- Volcanoes form through the accumulation of eruptive products.
- Hot materials from within the Earth rise to the crust, causing volcanic bulging.
- Eruptions release pyroclastic debris and volcanic ash, which can lead to temperature reductions by blocking sunlight.
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Description
Test your knowledge of mole concept, isotopes, Avogadro's number, and molar mass in chemistry. Learn about the counting unit moles, its SI symbol, and its applications. Understand the difference between atomic mass and molar mass.
