مohenjo-Daro: Ancient Indus Valley Civilization

Mohenjo-Daro

Location: Sindh, Pakistan

Time Period: 2500 BCE - 1900 BCE

Civilization: Indus Valley Civilization

Architecture and City Planning

• Well-planned city with advanced drainage system
• Buildings made of baked bricks
• City divided into two parts: Citadel and Lower City
• Great Bath, a large public bath, is a notable feature

Economy and Trade

• Trade with other civilizations, including Mesopotamia and Egypt
• Economy based on agriculture, crafts, and trade
• Evidence of metalwork, pottery, and weaving industries

Writing System

• No written records found, but over 400 symbols and logos discovered
• Script has not been fully deciphered yet

Decline and Abandonment

• City abandoned around 1900 BCE due to various factors, including:
  • Climate change and drought
  • Change in the course of the Indus River
  • Possible invasion by other civilizations

Discovery and Excavation

• Discovered in 1922 by British archaeologist Sir John Marshall
• Excavations began in 1925 and continued until 1931
• UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1980

مohenjo-Daro ki tareekh, sana'at, aur imarat ki khubiyan. Is shehr ki iqtisadi tatbiqat, likhai nuqta nazar, aur uska darmiyan mein kiyon chirra gaya.