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ما هو تعريف الموجة كما ورد في المحتوى؟
ما هو تعريف الموجة كما ورد في المحتوى؟
ما هي الأنواع الثلاثة للموجات المذكورة في المحتوى؟
ما هي الأنواع الثلاثة للموجات المذكورة في المحتوى؟
ما الذي يجب فعله قبل إرسال التردد؟
ما الذي يجب فعله قبل إرسال التردد؟
أي من الخيارات التالية يمثل خاصية أساسية في ارسال الموجات؟
أي من الخيارات التالية يمثل خاصية أساسية في ارسال الموجات؟
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ما المقصود بالخريطة الإذاعية؟
ما المقصود بالخريطة الإذاعية؟
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ما هي الميزة الرئيسية لنقل الصوت، كما ذُكر؟
ما هي الميزة الرئيسية لنقل الصوت، كما ذُكر؟
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أي نوع من التعديل يجب استخدامه للحصول على جودة صوت عالية؟
أي نوع من التعديل يجب استخدامه للحصول على جودة صوت عالية؟
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ما هو العيب الرئيسي المرتبط بنقل الصوت مع التعديلات المُختلفة؟
ما هو العيب الرئيسي المرتبط بنقل الصوت مع التعديلات المُختلفة؟
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لماذا لا يمكن استخدام تعديلات الـ fm و الـ am معًا؟
لماذا لا يمكن استخدام تعديلات الـ fm و الـ am معًا؟
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إذا كانت الأولوية لنقل الصوت لمسافات بعيدة، ما هو الخيار الأفضل؟
إذا كانت الأولوية لنقل الصوت لمسافات بعيدة، ما هو الخيار الأفضل؟
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ما هو الاسم الذي يُطلق على نوع البرامج الإذاعية التي ظهرت في فترة الخمسينات في أمريكا؟
ما هو الاسم الذي يُطلق على نوع البرامج الإذاعية التي ظهرت في فترة الخمسينات في أمريكا؟
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ما هو العنصر المميز لتوك شو في أمريكا خلال خمسينات القرن الماضي؟
ما هو العنصر المميز لتوك شو في أمريكا خلال خمسينات القرن الماضي؟
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في أي عام بدأت برامج التوك شو في الظهور في أمريكا؟
في أي عام بدأت برامج التوك شو في الظهور في أمريكا؟
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كيف وصف المحتوى الإذاعي للنساء في تلك الفترة؟
كيف وصف المحتوى الإذاعي للنساء في تلك الفترة؟
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ما النسبة المئوية التي يمكن اعتبارها مشكوك فيها وفقًا للمحتوى؟
ما النسبة المئوية التي يمكن اعتبارها مشكوك فيها وفقًا للمحتوى؟
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متى بدأ النمط المذكور في النص؟
متى بدأ النمط المذكور في النص؟
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ما هي الاستخدامات الرئيسية للاذاعات السرية؟
ما هي الاستخدامات الرئيسية للاذاعات السرية؟
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ما هو المكان الذي تُبث منه الاذاعات السرية؟
ما هو المكان الذي تُبث منه الاذاعات السرية؟
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كيف تختلف الاذاعات الرسمية عن الاذاعات السرية؟
كيف تختلف الاذاعات الرسمية عن الاذاعات السرية؟
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ما هي إحدى خصائص الاذاعات التي ذكرها النص؟
ما هي إحدى خصائص الاذاعات التي ذكرها النص؟
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ما هو دور الموتور الميكانيكي في الجهاز المشار إليه؟
ما هو دور الموتور الميكانيكي في الجهاز المشار إليه؟
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ما هو الحجم الأقصى للصورة التي يمكن أن ينتجها الجهاز وفقًا للمحتوى؟
ما هو الحجم الأقصى للصورة التي يمكن أن ينتجها الجهاز وفقًا للمحتوى؟
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أي من الأسماء التالية يرتبط باختراع الجهاز؟
أي من الأسماء التالية يرتبط باختراع الجهاز؟
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ما الذي يميز شكل الجهاز وفقًا للمحتوى؟
ما الذي يميز شكل الجهاز وفقًا للمحتوى؟
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أي من الأسماء التالية لا علاقة له باختراع الجهاز المذكور؟
أي من الأسماء التالية لا علاقة له باختراع الجهاز المذكور؟
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ما الذي توقف عنه عمرو عبد السميع بعد مرور ثلاثة أشهر؟
ما الذي توقف عنه عمرو عبد السميع بعد مرور ثلاثة أشهر؟
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من هم ضيوف أو مصادر المعلومات المتخصصة المذكورون في النص؟
من هم ضيوف أو مصادر المعلومات المتخصصة المذكورون في النص؟
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ما هو نوع القضايا التي يتم مناقشتها بين الضيوف؟
ما هو نوع القضايا التي يتم مناقشتها بين الضيوف؟
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ما هو نوع الآراء التي يطرحها الفنانون المذكورون؟
ما هو نوع الآراء التي يطرحها الفنانون المذكورون؟
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أي من الخيارات التالية تُعتبر من فئات الضيوف الثقيلين؟
أي من الخيارات التالية تُعتبر من فئات الضيوف الثقيلين؟
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Study Notes
Introduction to Radio and Television (Post-Midterm)
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Radio:
- 1920: Formal radio broadcasting began in the USA through Westinghouse, relying on amateurs. Early radio lacked dedicated announcers; anyone could speak.
- 1920s-1930s: The number of radio stations in the USA increased from 18 to about 450, and the number of home receivers rose from 1 million to about 28 million.
- Characteristics of early radio services: Lacked structured formats, consistent programming schedules or professional descriptions. Unclear start/end times for broadcasts; no regular program schedules; lack of distinctive or talented material. No fixed program duration.
- Advertisers recognized radio as a powerful advertising medium, reaching large audiences. This was more efficient and affordable than other methods, especially compared to web advertising.
- The government and advertisers became increasingly involved.
- Radio networks: (1925-1926) Stations began organizing into networks (Networks / Networks) in the USA, with a central network (Washington) and other affiliated stations (like LA / Texas). This is not present in Egypt. Egypt uses a different method than the US's networks. Radio broadcasting in Egypt isn't structured in the way seen in the US with affiliated stations across a country.
- Note:
Types of Waves
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Waves:
- Frequency modulation (FM): Modifies the frequency of the radio wave itself. Provides high-quality sound but has limitations in transmission distance. Used for music, etc.
- Amplitude modulation (AM): Modifies the amplitude (height) of the wave. Allows for long-distance transmission but often results in less clear sound. Used for voice transmission and long-distance broadcasting.
- Sound quality is dependent on the type of Modulation.
Radio in the 1940s and Beyond
- The number of stations and home receivers increased
- Formal radio broadcasting became more organized, eliminating amateur involvement; professional broadcasters emerged, plus the appearance of structured formats
- Regular programming was introduced
- Radio stations developed structured programming schedules
- Radio programs became much more organized.
Radio broadcasting used for different purposes and methods
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Shortwave radio (Short Waves):
- Used for long-distance communication.
- Important use in World War II, especially propaganda by figures like Hitler, to exert considerable psychological impact on European countries.
- Propaganda broadcasts during this period were studied in great detail.
- Colonial powers (like Britain) employed shortwave radio and the BBC for cultural infiltration. British programming was used to teach English language broadcast, among other things.
- Note that this type of broadcast wasn't common in Arab countries.
Radio Talk Shows
- During the 1950s, talk shows emerged, becoming a popular format.
- Talk shows varied in tone, from light-hearted discussions to serious, policy-driven debates. A variety of topics could and did feature in the talk show format.
- Characteristics: - Soft (light-hearted / discussion): The discussion is flexible, not structured. The discussion in the soft talk shows are more spontaneous, and the host's goal was to get a feel for the guest's views. - Heavy (formal / debate): The discussion is more formal. The host generally knows their guests.
- Talk shows often faced limitations, particularly in countries with less political freedom.
The Evolution of Television
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Early Mechanical TV (1929-1935): Early TV was mechanical, with a motor mechanism that created very small images, but the overall machinery was large. These early machines lacked the capability of clear, concise, and detailed pictures, as needed to communicate complex information.
- Notable inventors from the time:
- Electronic TV (1935-1941): Shift from mechanical to electronic technology, involving integrated circuits (ICs) for improved image quality and color control. This period also saw a reduced size of the machines.
- This technology was developed to combat the issues that hindered the earliest development of television, and this change reduced reliance on battery power.
- The impact of World War II: Radio remained the primary medium during the war, with television playing a secondary role.
- Post-war development (1946-1949): Television began challenging cinema. Receiver numbers rose, especially in the US.
- Color TV and remote controls (1950-1959): Color TV and remote controls became more common.
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Television in developing countries: Adoption of color and remote controls was delayed.
- In the 80s and 90's color television was established and by the 2000s the remote was introduced to the market.
Television Production Techniques
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Indoor Cameras (1990s-Present): Introduced high-quality images but had a large size with the image being tied to the size of the lens.
- Digital Cameras: Smaller size and improved image quality, employing advanced image processing, reduced reliance on battery power. And ability to record at faster rates.
- High definition (HD): Increased image lines for higher quality and a larger screen, which included color, brightness, and image processing methods. High-resolution technology.
- High resolution (8K): High resolution video and image quality
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Screens: Introduced first the LCD followed by Advanced TV, both allowing a wider range of images and screens.
- Progressive scan: Improved image clarity and quality.
- High Resolution 4k and 8k screens: Newer formats that were introduced.
- 3D screens and 4K TVs: Added three dimensions (and greater resolution) and improved the viewing experience.
Television as an Institution
- Organizational structures in television: There are organizational aspects associated with television as a business entity.
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National Media Authority: A governing body for media in some countries.
- Composition: Composed of various representatives.
Economics of Broadcasting
- Government ownership: Common in developing countries; may limit journalistic freedom and diversity of opinion.
- Private ownership: Common in developed countries, aiming for more independence, but potentially subject to financial pressures and potential for bias.
- Funding sources: Income sources for broadcasters include subscriptions, taxes, advertising, and donations.
Evolution of Media
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Print media (newspapers):
- Impact: Television surpassed newspapers as the dominant news source in terms of scale and accessibility, with newspapers needing a literacy-minded reader with financial resources and time.
- Shift to digital news: News outlets transitioned to online platforms to stay competitive.
The Impact of Television
- Positive impacts: Educational, informational, and entertaining access.
- Negative impacts: Potential for violence, stereotypes, consumerism, and manipulation through propaganda.
Other considerations
- Podcasts: Introduction of the podcast/podcast and its popularity, including its origins, evolution, and uses.
- Issues: The issues of podcasts broadcasting, such as their limitations and drawbacks and the reasons they tend to appeal to many people of certain demographics and age.
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استكشف تفاصيل موجات الإرسال الإذاعي في هذا الاختبار. سيشمل الأسئلة حول تعريف الموجة وأنواعها، بالإضافة إلى خصائص نقل الصوت والاذاعات السرية. امتحان ممتع ومفيد لتوسيع معرفتك في هذا المجال.
