Module 9 Study Guide: Dermatology
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Questions and Answers

What is the correct method for instilling ear drops in adults?

  • Pull the auricle up (correct)
  • Tilt the head to the right
  • Pull the auricle down
  • Tilt the head to the left

    • Which of the following is an appropriate first-line treatment for lice?

  • Lindane
  • Permethrin 1% and nit combing (correct)
  • Malathion lotion
  • Benzoyl alcohol

    • What precaution should be taken when considering the use of Lindane?

  • It is flammable and should be kept away from heat
  • It is neurotoxic and should not be used with a history of seizures (correct)
  • It is recommended during pregnancy
  • It is safe for children under 5 years

    • What is essential to understand about non-ovicidal treatments for pediculosis?

    <p>They must be applied twice, seven to 10 days apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category is permethrin classified as during pregnancy?

    <p>Category B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which topical formulation is primarily water-based with minimal oil content?

    <p>Lotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of long-term use of topical steroids?

    <p>Striae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the appropriate use of high potency steroids?

    <p>They are reserved for the torso and extremities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum duration for children to use topical steroids?

    <p>One week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism describes how systemic corticosteroids function?

    <p>Suppress influx of inflammatory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the indications for systemic corticosteroid use in dermatology?

    <p>Severe conditions like pemphigus and psoriasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of systemic corticosteroids?

    <p>Skin atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes ointments compared to other topical formulations?

    <p>They are thick and greasy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of isotretinoin in the treatment of severe nodulocystic acne vulgaris?

    <p>Decreases sebum production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the contraceptive pill (COC) in managing acne?

    <p>Decreases sebum production by reducing androgen availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient group should exercise caution when using adapalene?

    <p>Patients with asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a known drug interaction with isotretinoin?

    <p>Tetracyclines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of adapalene?

    <p>Unplugs existing comedones and prevents new ones from developing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age and condition must a patient meet to be prescribed COCs for acne management?

    <p>Must be at least 15, have had menarche, and seek contraception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is contraindicated for the use of COCs?

    <p>Renal impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does cigarette smoking have on women using COCs?

    <p>Increases the risk of cardiovascular events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary management option for mild-to-moderate blepharitis?

    <p>Warm compresses and lid washing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ointments is typically used for moderate to severe cases of blepharitis?

    <p>Erythromycin ointment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis in contact lens wearers?

    <p>Fluoroquinolones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medications is used to prevent the release of inflammatory mediators in allergic conjunctivitis?

    <p>Mast cell stabilizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is known to provide immediate relief for allergic conjunctivitis?

    <p>Topical antihistamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient with blepharitis shows no improvement after several weeks, what is the next step?

    <p>Refer to an ophthalmologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of oral antihistamines in allergic conjunctivitis?

    <p>Block H1 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration for contact lens wearers who develop bacterial conjunctivitis?

    <p>Stop wearing contact lenses until resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria are commonly responsible for skin infections?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a topical agent be used for a skin infection?

    <p>For localized, mild infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the treatment recommendations for a MRSA abscess?

    <p>Incision and drainage, followed by wound care education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of podophyllin in treating venereal warts?

    <p>It inhibits DNA synthesis and mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about bichloroacetic acid (BCA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA)?

    <p>They destroy warts by chemical coagulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of topical cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion?

    <p>To suppress the immune response and promote tear production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these drugs is NOT classified as an ocular decongestant?

    <p>Sulfamethoxazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precautions should be taken regarding the use of podophyllin?

    <p>Soap and water should be used hours after application to reduce toxicity risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effects are associated with the use of ophthalmic beta-blockers?

    <p>Heart block, bradycardia, and bronchospasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of Imiquimod in treating HPV-related warts?

    <p>It induces the production of interferon-alpha and other immune responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding the use of Imiquimod is correct?

    <p>It has minimal systemic absorption and primarily causes local irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which circumstance are glucocorticoids appropriate for prescribing?

    <p>In cases of uveitis or iritis when infection is ruled out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serious risk is associated with administering ophthalmic beta-blockers alongside oral beta-blockers?

    <p>Additive effects leading to severe bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should avoid using ophthalmic beta-blockers?

    <p>Patients with bradycardia or AV block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of preservative-free artificial tear substitutes when used daily?

    <p>They are safe for continuous daily use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main classes of drugs used to treat open-angle glaucoma?

    <p>Beta-blockers, prostaglandin analogs, and alpha-adrenergic agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Module 9 Study Guide: Dermatology, Skin Conditions, and Infections

    • Skin Infections: Common pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes (gram-positive bacteria).

    • Topical vs. Systemic Treatment: Topical agents are suitable for localized, mild infections; systemic treatment is needed for infections unresponsive to topical therapy.

    • MRSA Abscess Treatment: Incision and drainage, culture and sensitivity testing, wound care education, and follow-up are essential. Systemic symptoms, severe local symptoms, and immunosuppression guide treatment.

    • Venereal Warts (Genital Warts): Pharmacological treatment options include podophyllin, bichloroacetic acid/trichloroacetic acid, imiquimod, and podofilox, each with specific mechanisms of action and safety considerations. Patient education about application and potential side effects (irritation, burning) is vital. These treatments should be avoided in pregnancy and lactation.

    • Topical Antifungal Medications: Azoles, for example, are a first-line treatment for most skin infections, by impairing fungal ergosterol synthesis and increasing membrane permeability. The typical treatment duration is 2-4 weeks, with additional one week after lesions have resolved.

    • Acne Treatment: Benzoyl peroxide is a first-line treatment for mild to moderate acne, reducing P. acnes growth and promoting exfoliation. Isotretinoin (Accutane) is used for severe nodulocystic acne, regulating sebum production and inflammation. Adapalene (Differin) and topical antibiotics have similar roles. Oral antibiotics and birth control pills (COC) are also utilized . Safety considerations and potential side effects of each medication are crucial for patient education. COC and Aldactone are often contraindicated in pregnancy.

    • Acne Treatment in Pregnancy: Benzoyl peroxide is generally considered safe. However, topical Differin and systemic treatment are usually avoided during pregnancy, but antibiotics and other treatments can be prescribed by a medical professional.

    • Acne Treatment Expectations: Results typically appear after 4-6 weeks for topical treatments or 6+ weeks for oral treatments, and 4-6 months for COCs.Patient education about gradual improvement is important.

    • Rosacea Treatment: Topical metronidazole is often the initial treatment; other topical antibiotics may be used if this doesn't work.

    Module 9 Unit B: Ophthalmic Drugs

    • Blepharitis: Mild to moderate cases are treated with warm compresses, lid hygiene, and mild topical antibiotics. Severe cases may require referral to an ophthalmologist.
    • Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Treatment is using topical antibacterial eye drops or ointments. Contact lens wearers should discontinue use until symptoms resolve to reduce the risk of corneal infection, particularly with Gram-negative bacteria.
    • Allergic Conjunctivitis: Treatment includes mast cell stabilizers (e.g., cromolyn sodium), topical antihistamines, or a combination of mast cell stabilizers and antihistamines. Oral antihistamines may also be used.
    • Dry Eyes: Artificial tears, ocular lubricants, and topical cyclosporine are treatments for dry eyes, focusing on providing lubrication and reducing inflammation.

    Module 9 Unit C: Otic Drugs

    • Acute Otitis Media (AOM) Treatment: Amoxicillin is often the first-line treatment, with amoxicillin-clavulanate an alternative if amoxicillin fails. Cephalosporins may be used in penicillin-allergic patients. Treatment duration is critical to resolve infections swiftly.
    • Otitis Externa (OE) Treatment: Fluoroquinolone eardrops are typical, with or without a steroid. Specific classes, like Fluoroquinolones, are often preferable for ruptured eardrums. Pain management with oral medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen is important.

    Module 9 Unit D: Dermatologic Infestations

    • Pediculosis (Lice) and Scabies Treatment: Treatment often involves topical medications (e.g., permethrin, lindane, malathion) or oral ivermectin. In pregnancy or for young children, some medications are preferred to others.
    • Patient Education: Important instructions include treatment duration, application methods, and avoiding contact with eyes and mucous membranes. Repeated treatments may be necessary for topical treatments that are not ovicidal.

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    Module 9 Study Guide PDF

    Description

    This study guide covers essential concepts related to dermatology, including common skin infections caused by pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. It discusses treatment options, including topical and systemic therapies, and emphasizes the importance of patient education regarding various treatments like venereal warts. Understanding these conditions is crucial for effective management in dermatological practice.

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