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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of P.D. 1067?
What is the primary focus of P.D. 1067?
Which P.D. outlines the policy for pollution control in air, water, and land?
Which P.D. outlines the policy for pollution control in air, water, and land?
What is the main goal of P.D. 1586?
What is the main goal of P.D. 1586?
How is 'abatement' defined in the context of environmental policy?
How is 'abatement' defined in the context of environmental policy?
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What does 'acidification' refer to in environmental terms?
What does 'acidification' refer to in environmental terms?
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What is the main focus of Republic Act 9175?
What is the main focus of Republic Act 9175?
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Which Presidential Decree mandates environmental impact assessments for projects affecting the environment?
Which Presidential Decree mandates environmental impact assessments for projects affecting the environment?
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What is one of the goals of P.D 1152, the Philippine Environmental Code?
What is one of the goals of P.D 1152, the Philippine Environmental Code?
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What does Section 37 of P.D 389 emphasize regarding forest resources?
What does Section 37 of P.D 389 emphasize regarding forest resources?
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Which decree is primarily concerned with the long-term quality of life and environmental sustainability?
Which decree is primarily concerned with the long-term quality of life and environmental sustainability?
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Which of the following is NOT regulated by Republic Act 9175?
Which of the following is NOT regulated by Republic Act 9175?
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What overarching principle is emphasized in the Philippine Environmental Code?
What overarching principle is emphasized in the Philippine Environmental Code?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding P.D 389?
Which of the following statements is true regarding P.D 389?
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Which of the following is NOT a reason for enacting environmental laws?
Which of the following is NOT a reason for enacting environmental laws?
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What is the primary purpose of environmental protocol?
What is the primary purpose of environmental protocol?
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Which of the following treaties was enacted to address air pollution that crosses borders?
Which of the following treaties was enacted to address air pollution that crosses borders?
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Which of the following is an international environmental policy issue?
Which of the following is an international environmental policy issue?
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The Montreal Protocol is primarily concerned with which of the following?
The Montreal Protocol is primarily concerned with which of the following?
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What is the main focus of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)?
What is the main focus of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)?
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What does 'future proofing' refer to in environmental laws?
What does 'future proofing' refer to in environmental laws?
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Which of the following is an example of a treaty aimed at combating climate change?
Which of the following is an example of a treaty aimed at combating climate change?
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What is the main obstacle to international law regarding environmental issues?
What is the main obstacle to international law regarding environmental issues?
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What case established the 'polluter pays principle' in international environmental law?
What case established the 'polluter pays principle' in international environmental law?
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Which source of international environmental law is considered the most recent and effective?
Which source of international environmental law is considered the most recent and effective?
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What does international environmental law primarily aim to achieve?
What does international environmental law primarily aim to achieve?
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Which of the following best describes the role of international courts in shaping environmental law?
Which of the following best describes the role of international courts in shaping environmental law?
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How do nations typically relinquish some control over their sovereignty?
How do nations typically relinquish some control over their sovereignty?
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What characterizes the body of International Environmental Law?
What characterizes the body of International Environmental Law?
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In international environmental law, what typically happens if pollution from one country harms another?
In international environmental law, what typically happens if pollution from one country harms another?
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What is the primary goal of Republic Act 8749?
What is the primary goal of Republic Act 8749?
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Which law authorizes the DENR to establish a program related to chemical substances that could harm health or the environment?
Which law authorizes the DENR to establish a program related to chemical substances that could harm health or the environment?
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What does Republic Act 9275 primarily address?
What does Republic Act 9275 primarily address?
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The Climate Change Act of 2009 aims to mainstream what into government policies?
The Climate Change Act of 2009 aims to mainstream what into government policies?
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What is a key component of Republic Act 9003?
What is a key component of Republic Act 9003?
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Which act leads to the prohibition of certain activities related to solid waste management?
Which act leads to the prohibition of certain activities related to solid waste management?
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The framework strategy for climate change is a major feature of which act?
The framework strategy for climate change is a major feature of which act?
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Which Republic Act focuses primarily on achieving and maintaining healthy air for Filipinos?
Which Republic Act focuses primarily on achieving and maintaining healthy air for Filipinos?
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What does the term 'biodegradable' refer to?
What does the term 'biodegradable' refer to?
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Which of the following best defines 'biodiversity'?
Which of the following best defines 'biodiversity'?
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Which substance is known to deplete the ozone layer?
Which substance is known to deplete the ozone layer?
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What is the definition of sustainable development?
What is the definition of sustainable development?
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Which term describes the protective layer that absorbs harmful solar radiation?
Which term describes the protective layer that absorbs harmful solar radiation?
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What is characterized by the sum total of vegetation in a specific area?
What is characterized by the sum total of vegetation in a specific area?
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Which of the following best describes a non-governmental organization (NGO)?
Which of the following best describes a non-governmental organization (NGO)?
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What does the term 'greenhouse gas' refer to?
What does the term 'greenhouse gas' refer to?
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Study Notes
Module 9: Environmental Laws and Policies
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Topic Learning Objectives:
- Students will learn about laws and policies for preserving the planet and ecosystem.
- Identify international and local laws and policies for environmental protection and sustainable development.
- Discuss the importance of government rules and regulations,
- Students will become familiar with existing laws on environmental preservation.
Topic I: International Environmental Law
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Introduction:
- International environmental law is a body of international law addressing environmental protection through bilateral and multilateral agreements.
- Developed in the mid-20th century building on conservation movements from earlier periods.
- Early movements focused on national environmental concerns.
- Growing scientific evidence in the 1950s and 1960s highlighted global environmental issues needing multinational solutions,
- Issues like air and water pollution, overfishing, etc. transcend national borders.
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Historical Background and Scientific Foundations:
- International environmental law derives from three sources:
- Customary international law: unwritten laws emerging from consistent practice among nations (ex: warning a neighbor about a harmful event).
- International treaties: most recent and effective source, establishing environmental law through agreements among nations while acknowledging national sovereignty.
- Decisions of international courts/arbitrators (eg: the Trail Smelter Arbitration case).
- International environmental law derives from three sources:
Discussion: International Environmental Laws
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International Environmental Laws:
- International environmental law is a subset of international law, focusing on environmental protection and sustainable development.
- Consists of interlocking laws (statutes, conventions, treaties, regulations and policies).
- Regulates human interaction with the biophysical environment.
- Aim to mitigate the impacts of human activity on both nature and human well-being.
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Principles Influencing Environmental Laws:
- Environmentalism
- Ecology
- Conservation
- Stewardship
- Responsibility
- Sustainability
Areas of Concern
- Air and water quality
- Global climate change
- Agriculture
- Biodiversity protection
- Pesticides and hazardous substances
- Waste management
- Public land and natural resource management
General Function of Environmental Laws
- Setting offenses and penalties for environmental harm.
- Controlling or stopping activities before they occur.
- Creating policies and standards for environmental activities.
- Involving the public in environmental decision-making.
- Establishing regulatory structures (e.g., regulatory agencies).
- Creating specialist courts/tribunals.
Five Most Effective Environmental Legislation
- Clean Air Act
- Endangered Species Act
- Montreal Protocol
- Clean Water Act
- Reform Plan No. 3 of 1970
Six Major Sources of Environmental Laws
- Nuisance
- Trespass
- Negligence
- Strict liability
- Prior appropriation
- Riparian rights
Seven Principles of Environment
- Nature knows best
- All life forms are important
- Everything is connected
Topic II: Philippine Environmental Laws and Policies
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Laws:
- Republic Act 8749 (Clean Air Act of 1999)
- Republic Act 6589 (Toxic Substances)
- Republic Act 9275 (Philippine Clean Water Act)
- Republic Act 9729 (Climate Change Act)
- Republic Act 9003 (Solid Waste Management Act)
- Republic Act 9512 (Environmental Awareness and Education Act)
Environmental Treaties
- Convention for the preservation of pollution of the sea by oil (1962)
- RAMSAR convention (1971)
- MARPOL convention (1973)
- CITES (1973)
- Other International treaties as per provided text.
Presidential Decrees
- P.D 1151 (Philippines Environmental Policy)
- P.D 1152 (Philippine Environmental Code)
- P.D. 389 (Forestry Reform Code)
Words to Know
- Abatement
- Acidification
- Air emissions
- Biodegradable
- Biodiversity
- Biomass
- Biosphere
- Conservation
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
- Climate change
- Ecosystem
- Fauna
- Flora
- Greenhouse gases
- Hazardous substances
- Ozone Layer
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Description
Explore the essential international and local laws aimed at protecting the environment and promoting sustainable development. This module covers various regulations, their significance, and how they contribute to ecosystem preservation. Gain a comprehensive understanding of the landscape of environmental laws and policies.
