Module 9: Environmental Laws and Policies
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of P.D. 1067?

  • Management and protection of water resources (correct)
  • Development of land policies
  • Prevention of air pollution
  • Regulating industrial emissions

Which P.D. outlines the policy for pollution control in air, water, and land?

  • P.D. 1586
  • P.D. 920
  • P.D. 984 (correct)
  • P.D. 1067

What is the main goal of P.D. 1586?

  • To manage water rights effectively
  • To improve air quality standards
  • To balance socio-economic growth with environmental protection (correct)
  • To eliminate all forms of pollution

How is 'abatement' defined in the context of environmental policy?

<p>The reduction of harmful substances through treatment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'acidification' refer to in environmental terms?

<p>The reduction of pH making a substance more acidic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Republic Act 9175?

<p>Regulating the use of chainsaws (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Presidential Decree mandates environmental impact assessments for projects affecting the environment?

<p>P.D 1151 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the goals of P.D 1152, the Philippine Environmental Code?

<p>To maintain air quality and public health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Section 37 of P.D 389 emphasize regarding forest resources?

<p>Protection from destruction and depletion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which decree is primarily concerned with the long-term quality of life and environmental sustainability?

<p>P.D 1151 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT regulated by Republic Act 9175?

<p>Use of handheld power tools (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What overarching principle is emphasized in the Philippine Environmental Code?

<p>Preventing damage to health, life, and property (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding P.D 389?

<p>It highlights the protection of forest resources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for enacting environmental laws?

<p>Economic growth facilitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of environmental protocol?

<p>To manage and prevent human impact on natural resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treaties was enacted to address air pollution that crosses borders?

<p>Trans-boundary Air Pollution Convention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an international environmental policy issue?

<p>Sustainable waste management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Montreal Protocol is primarily concerned with which of the following?

<p>Ozone layer protection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)?

<p>Conserving biological diversity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'future proofing' refer to in environmental laws?

<p>Ensuring long-term sustainability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a treaty aimed at combating climate change?

<p>Framework Convention on Climate Change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main obstacle to international law regarding environmental issues?

<p>The principle of sovereignty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What case established the 'polluter pays principle' in international environmental law?

<p>Trail Smelter Arbitration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which source of international environmental law is considered the most recent and effective?

<p>International treaties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does international environmental law primarily aim to achieve?

<p>Protection of the environment and sustainable development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of international courts in shaping environmental law?

<p>They set precedent through decisions in international disputes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do nations typically relinquish some control over their sovereignty?

<p>Through bilateral or multilateral treaties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the body of International Environmental Law?

<p>A complex interlocking body of statutes and policies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In international environmental law, what typically happens if pollution from one country harms another?

<p>The polluting nation must pay to remedy the damage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Republic Act 8749?

<p>To manage air quality and protect health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law authorizes the DENR to establish a program related to chemical substances that could harm health or the environment?

<p>Republic Act 6969 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Republic Act 9275 primarily address?

<p>Water quality management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Climate Change Act of 2009 aims to mainstream what into government policies?

<p>Climate change considerations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of Republic Act 9003?

<p>Creating an ecological solid waste management program (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which act leads to the prohibition of certain activities related to solid waste management?

<p>Republic Act 9003 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The framework strategy for climate change is a major feature of which act?

<p>Republic Act 9729 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Republic Act focuses primarily on achieving and maintaining healthy air for Filipinos?

<p>Republic Act 8749 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'biodegradable' refer to?

<p>The ability of microorganisms to break down substances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines 'biodiversity'?

<p>The variety of species present and their interactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is known to deplete the ozone layer?

<p>Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of sustainable development?

<p>Development that meets present needs without harming future generations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the protective layer that absorbs harmful solar radiation?

<p>Ozone layer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characterized by the sum total of vegetation in a specific area?

<p>Biomass. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a non-governmental organization (NGO)?

<p>A voluntary organization focused on specific issues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'greenhouse gas' refer to?

<p>A gas responsible for increasing heat retention in the atmosphere. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

International Environmental Law

A branch of international law that deals with environmental protection and sustainable development.

International Treaties

Formal agreements between nations to protect the environment.

Sovereignty

A nation's complete control over its own activities, unless they agree to limit it.

Polluter Pays Principle

If pollution creates harm in another nation, the polluting nation pays to fix the damage.

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International Courts/Arbitrators

Judicial bodies that help make and enforce international environmental laws.

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Bilateral/Multilateral Treaties

International agreements between two (bilateral) or more (multilateral) nations.

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Trail Smelter Arbitration

Early international environmental case about pollution (US and Canada).

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International Law

Rules and principles that govern interactions between nations.

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Environmental Laws

Rules that protect the environment and public health. They can be international, covering multiple countries, or national, within a single country.

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Transboundary Pollution

Pollution that crosses borders, impacting more than one country.

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International Environmental Protocol

An agreement between countries to address a specific environmental challenge.

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Environmental Policy

A set of actions, rules, or plans by a government or organization to protect the environment.

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Why are environmental laws important?

They help protect people and the environment from harmful activities. They also aim to preserve resources for future generations.

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RAMSAR Convention

An international treaty that protects wetlands and their biodiversity.

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Montreal Protocol

An international agreement that aims to protect the ozone layer by phasing out harmful chemicals.

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Convention on Biological Diversity

A global treaty that aims to conserve biodiversity and promote sustainable use of natural resources.

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Clean Air Act

A Philippine law aiming to maintain healthy air quality for all citizens. It sets standards for air pollution and promotes clean technologies.

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Toxic Substances Act

This Philippine law regulates the import, manufacture, and disposal of chemicals posing risks to health and the environment.

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Clean Water Act

This Philippine law ensures the protection and management of water quality for sustainable use.

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Climate Change Act

A Philippine law that addresses climate change by integrating it into government policies and initiatives.

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Solid Waste Management Act

Philippine law promoting responsible solid waste management practices and minimizing waste generation.

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DENR Role

The Department of Environment and Natural Resources in the Philippines is responsible for implementing various environmental laws.

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Comprehensive Air Quality Management

The Clean Air Act focuses on a holistic approach to air quality, encompassing policies, programs, and regulations.

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Regulation of Hazardous Substances

The Toxic Substances Act aims to control the use, handling, and disposal of dangerous chemicals.

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Water Code of the Philippines

The main law governing how water resources are owned, used, protected, and developed in the Philippines.

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National Pollution Control Decree

This law aims to stop, reduce, and control pollution of air, water, and land to protect the environment.

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Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

A policy requiring a detailed study about how a project will affect the environment before it's allowed to happen.

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Abatement

The process of reducing or lessening the amount of pollution.

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Acidification

When a substance becomes more acidic, usually due to pollution.

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Chain Saw Act of 2002

A Philippine law that controls the ownership, sale, and use of chainsaws. It aims to manage deforestation and protect forests.

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Philippine Environmental Policy

A broad set of guidelines for aiming for a better environment for current and future generations. Projects with big environmental impacts must be carefully assessed.

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Philippine Environmental Code

Specific rules and regulations for managing air quality to protect people, wildlife, and property. Aiming for cleaner air.

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Forestry Reform Code (Section 37)

Part of a law focusing on protecting forests from destruction, damage, and depletion, ensuring we have forests for the future.

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Environmental Impact Assessment

A study to understand the potential effects of a project on the environment before it starts, ensuring less damage.

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Biodegradable

A substance that can be broken down by microorganisms into simpler, non-toxic compounds.

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Biodiversity

The variety of life in an ecosystem, including the number of species, their populations, and their interactions.

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Biomass

The total weight of all living organisms in a given area.

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What is the Biosphere?

The part of Earth that supports life, including all living organisms and their environments.

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What is Conservation?

The act of using natural resources wisely and sustainably to ensure they are available for future generations.

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Greenhouse Gas (GHG)

A gas that traps heat in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.

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Ozone Layer

A protective layer in the Earth's upper atmosphere that absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

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Sustainable Development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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Study Notes

Module 9: Environmental Laws and Policies

  • Topic Learning Objectives:
    • Students will learn about laws and policies for preserving the planet and ecosystem.
    • Identify international and local laws and policies for environmental protection and sustainable development.
    • Discuss the importance of government rules and regulations,
    • Students will become familiar with existing laws on environmental preservation.

Topic I: International Environmental Law

  • Introduction:

    • International environmental law is a body of international law addressing environmental protection through bilateral and multilateral agreements.
    • Developed in the mid-20th century building on conservation movements from earlier periods.
    • Early movements focused on national environmental concerns.
    • Growing scientific evidence in the 1950s and 1960s highlighted global environmental issues needing multinational solutions,
    • Issues like air and water pollution, overfishing, etc. transcend national borders.

  • Historical Background and Scientific Foundations:

    • International environmental law derives from three sources:
      • Customary international law: unwritten laws emerging from consistent practice among nations (ex: warning a neighbor about a harmful event).
      • International treaties: most recent and effective source, establishing environmental law through agreements among nations while acknowledging national sovereignty.
      • Decisions of international courts/arbitrators (eg: the Trail Smelter Arbitration case).

Discussion: International Environmental Laws

  • International Environmental Laws:

    • International environmental law is a subset of international law, focusing on environmental protection and sustainable development.
    • Consists of interlocking laws (statutes, conventions, treaties, regulations and policies).
    • Regulates human interaction with the biophysical environment.
    • Aim to mitigate the impacts of human activity on both nature and human well-being.

  • Principles Influencing Environmental Laws:

    • Environmentalism
    • Ecology
    • Conservation
    • Stewardship
    • Responsibility
    • Sustainability

Areas of Concern

  • Air and water quality
  • Global climate change
  • Agriculture
  • Biodiversity protection
  • Pesticides and hazardous substances
  • Waste management
  • Public land and natural resource management

General Function of Environmental Laws

  • Setting offenses and penalties for environmental harm.
  • Controlling or stopping activities before they occur.
  • Creating policies and standards for environmental activities.
  • Involving the public in environmental decision-making.
  • Establishing regulatory structures (e.g., regulatory agencies).
  • Creating specialist courts/tribunals.

Five Most Effective Environmental Legislation

  • Clean Air Act
  • Endangered Species Act
  • Montreal Protocol
  • Clean Water Act
  • Reform Plan No. 3 of 1970

Six Major Sources of Environmental Laws

  • Nuisance
  • Trespass
  • Negligence
  • Strict liability
  • Prior appropriation
  • Riparian rights

Seven Principles of Environment

  • Nature knows best
  • All life forms are important
  • Everything is connected

Topic II: Philippine Environmental Laws and Policies

  • Laws:
    • Republic Act 8749 (Clean Air Act of 1999)
    • Republic Act 6589 (Toxic Substances)
    • Republic Act 9275 (Philippine Clean Water Act)
    • Republic Act 9729 (Climate Change Act)
    • Republic Act 9003 (Solid Waste Management Act)
    • Republic Act 9512 (Environmental Awareness and Education Act)

Environmental Treaties

  • Convention for the preservation of pollution of the sea by oil (1962)
  • RAMSAR convention (1971)
  • MARPOL convention (1973)
  • CITES (1973)
  • Other International treaties as per provided text.

Presidential Decrees

  • P.D 1151 (Philippines Environmental Policy)
  • P.D 1152 (Philippine Environmental Code)
  • P.D. 389 (Forestry Reform Code)

Words to Know

  • Abatement
  • Acidification
  • Air emissions
  • Biodegradable
  • Biodiversity
  • Biomass
  • Biosphere
  • Conservation
  • Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
  • Climate change
  • Ecosystem
  • Fauna
  • Flora
  • Greenhouse gases
  • Hazardous substances
  • Ozone Layer

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Module 9 Environmental Laws and Policies PDF

Description

Explore the essential international and local laws aimed at protecting the environment and promoting sustainable development. This module covers various regulations, their significance, and how they contribute to ecosystem preservation. Gain a comprehensive understanding of the landscape of environmental laws and policies.

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