30 Questions
What is the recommended frequency for eye examinations for people under 40 years of age?
Every 3 to 5 years
At what age does presbyopia typically begin?
45 years
What is the term for nearsightedness?
Myopia
Which refractive error is characterized by the loss of ability to see close objects?
Presbyopia
What condition necessitates the use of bifocals for vision correction?
Both far and near vision requiring correction
Which eye assessment involves evaluation of the area an individual can see when looking straight ahead?
Visual fields assessment
Which condition refers to upper eyelids that lie at or below the pupil margin?
Ptosis
What is the term used for an outturning of the eyelid?
Eversion
Which condition involves an in-turning of the eyelid?
Entropion
Cloudy pupils are frequently indicative of which eye condition?
Cataracts
Mydriasis (enlarged pupils) may indicate injury or glaucoma and can result from the use of which drug?
Atropine
Anisocoria (unequal pupils) may be a result of a disorder in which system?
Central nervous system
What type of hearing loss occurs when there is damage to the inner ear, the auditory nerve, or the hearing center in the brain?
Sensorineural hearing loss
Which type of hearing loss involves an interruption in the transmission of sound waves through the outer and middle ear structures?
Conductive hearing loss
What type of hearing deficit is characterized by the inability to hear high-frequency sounds like f, s, sh, and ph?
Sensorineural hearing loss
Which test assesses conduction hearing loss and impaired sound transmission to the inner ear?
Rinne Test
What evaluation measures hearing at various decibels and is recommended for children and older adults?
Audiometric evaluations
Bone-conducted sound transmission occurs when:
Skull bones transport sound directly to the auditory nerve
What is the common symptom associated with hordeolum (stye)?
Itching and tearing
What is a distinguishing feature of cataracts?
Opacity of the lens or its capsule
Which condition is a frequent cause of blindness in individuals over age 40?
Glaucoma
What can occur in infants if the mother contracted rubella in the first trimester of pregnancy?
Cataracts
What is a danger sign of glaucoma?
Blurry vision and difficulty focusing on close objects
What is a characteristic symptom of iritis (inflammation of the iris)?
Tearing and photophobia
What does it mean if a patient hears a tone better in one ear than the other?
Conductive hearing loss
In the Rinne test, what does it indicate when a patient hears the air conduction (AC) tone twice as long as the bone conduction (BC) tone?
Conductive hearing loss
What is the likely issue if a patient hears only in their impaired ear?
Sensorineural hearing loss
What can be deduced from a blue/dark red tympanic membrane?
Acute Otitis Media
Which abnormality may affect the external ear and ear canal as shown in the text?
Polyp
What is essential for promoting equilibrium and barring infection in the ear?
Tympanic membrane
Study Notes
Eye Care and Abnormalities
- Regular eye examinations are recommended every 3-5 years for people under 40, and every 2 years after 40.
- Eye examinations assess external structures, visual acuity, ocular movement, and visual fields.
- Refractive errors include myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), and presbyopia (loss of elasticity of the lens).
- Presbyopia begins around 45 years of age, causing difficulty reading newsprint.
- Bifocals are used to correct both far and near vision.
- Ptosis is a droopy eyelid, often associated with aging, edema, or systemic diseases.
- Ectropion and entropion are abnormalities of the eyelid, often due to scarring injuries or aging.
Pupils and Iris
- Normal pupils are black, equal in size (3-7 mm), and have round, smooth borders.
- Cloudy pupils may indicate cataracts.
- Mydriasis (enlarged pupils) may indicate injury, glaucoma, or certain drugs.
- Miosis (constricted pupils) may indicate inflammation of the iris, certain drugs, or age-related change.
Hearing and Abnormalities
- Audiometric evaluations are recommended for children and older adults.
- Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound waves are interrupted in the outer and middle ear.
- Sensorineural hearing loss is due to damage to the inner ear, auditory nerve, or brain.
- Mixed hearing loss is a combination of conduction and sensorineural loss.
- Weber's Test and the Rinne Test assess conduction hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and nerve conduction or inner ear function.
Eyes and Ears Abnormalities
- Cataracts occur in individuals over 65, but can occur at any age, causing opacity of the lens or its capsule.
- Glaucoma is a disturbance in aqueous fluid circulation, causing increased intraocular pressure and potential blindness.
- Danger signs of glaucoma include blurred vision, loss of peripheral vision, and difficulty focusing.
- Abnormalities of the external ear and ear canal include infections, abnormal growths, and buildup of cerumen.
- Abnormalities of the tympanic membrane, such as acute otitis media, can have serious consequences.
This quiz covers the recommendations for maintaining optimum vision by having regular eye examinations. It includes information on the frequency of eye tests based on age and family medical history.
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