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Questions and Answers
What is the recommended frequency for eye examinations for people under 40 years of age?
What is the recommended frequency for eye examinations for people under 40 years of age?
- Every 2 years
- Every year
- Every 5 to 7 years
- Every 3 to 5 years (correct)
At what age does presbyopia typically begin?
At what age does presbyopia typically begin?
- 50 years
- 30 years
- 45 years (correct)
- 40 years
What is the term for nearsightedness?
What is the term for nearsightedness?
- Myopia (correct)
- Hyperopia
- Astigmatism
- Presbyopia
Which refractive error is characterized by the loss of ability to see close objects?
Which refractive error is characterized by the loss of ability to see close objects?
What condition necessitates the use of bifocals for vision correction?
What condition necessitates the use of bifocals for vision correction?
Which eye assessment involves evaluation of the area an individual can see when looking straight ahead?
Which eye assessment involves evaluation of the area an individual can see when looking straight ahead?
Which condition refers to upper eyelids that lie at or below the pupil margin?
Which condition refers to upper eyelids that lie at or below the pupil margin?
What is the term used for an outturning of the eyelid?
What is the term used for an outturning of the eyelid?
Which condition involves an in-turning of the eyelid?
Which condition involves an in-turning of the eyelid?
Cloudy pupils are frequently indicative of which eye condition?
Cloudy pupils are frequently indicative of which eye condition?
Mydriasis (enlarged pupils) may indicate injury or glaucoma and can result from the use of which drug?
Mydriasis (enlarged pupils) may indicate injury or glaucoma and can result from the use of which drug?
Anisocoria (unequal pupils) may be a result of a disorder in which system?
Anisocoria (unequal pupils) may be a result of a disorder in which system?
What type of hearing loss occurs when there is damage to the inner ear, the auditory nerve, or the hearing center in the brain?
What type of hearing loss occurs when there is damage to the inner ear, the auditory nerve, or the hearing center in the brain?
Which type of hearing loss involves an interruption in the transmission of sound waves through the outer and middle ear structures?
Which type of hearing loss involves an interruption in the transmission of sound waves through the outer and middle ear structures?
What type of hearing deficit is characterized by the inability to hear high-frequency sounds like f, s, sh, and ph?
What type of hearing deficit is characterized by the inability to hear high-frequency sounds like f, s, sh, and ph?
Which test assesses conduction hearing loss and impaired sound transmission to the inner ear?
Which test assesses conduction hearing loss and impaired sound transmission to the inner ear?
What evaluation measures hearing at various decibels and is recommended for children and older adults?
What evaluation measures hearing at various decibels and is recommended for children and older adults?
Bone-conducted sound transmission occurs when:
Bone-conducted sound transmission occurs when:
What is the common symptom associated with hordeolum (stye)?
What is the common symptom associated with hordeolum (stye)?
What is a distinguishing feature of cataracts?
What is a distinguishing feature of cataracts?
Which condition is a frequent cause of blindness in individuals over age 40?
Which condition is a frequent cause of blindness in individuals over age 40?
What can occur in infants if the mother contracted rubella in the first trimester of pregnancy?
What can occur in infants if the mother contracted rubella in the first trimester of pregnancy?
What is a danger sign of glaucoma?
What is a danger sign of glaucoma?
What is a characteristic symptom of iritis (inflammation of the iris)?
What is a characteristic symptom of iritis (inflammation of the iris)?
What does it mean if a patient hears a tone better in one ear than the other?
What does it mean if a patient hears a tone better in one ear than the other?
In the Rinne test, what does it indicate when a patient hears the air conduction (AC) tone twice as long as the bone conduction (BC) tone?
In the Rinne test, what does it indicate when a patient hears the air conduction (AC) tone twice as long as the bone conduction (BC) tone?
What is the likely issue if a patient hears only in their impaired ear?
What is the likely issue if a patient hears only in their impaired ear?
What can be deduced from a blue/dark red tympanic membrane?
What can be deduced from a blue/dark red tympanic membrane?
Which abnormality may affect the external ear and ear canal as shown in the text?
Which abnormality may affect the external ear and ear canal as shown in the text?
What is essential for promoting equilibrium and barring infection in the ear?
What is essential for promoting equilibrium and barring infection in the ear?
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Study Notes
Eye Care and Abnormalities
- Regular eye examinations are recommended every 3-5 years for people under 40, and every 2 years after 40.
- Eye examinations assess external structures, visual acuity, ocular movement, and visual fields.
- Refractive errors include myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), and presbyopia (loss of elasticity of the lens).
- Presbyopia begins around 45 years of age, causing difficulty reading newsprint.
- Bifocals are used to correct both far and near vision.
- Ptosis is a droopy eyelid, often associated with aging, edema, or systemic diseases.
- Ectropion and entropion are abnormalities of the eyelid, often due to scarring injuries or aging.
Pupils and Iris
- Normal pupils are black, equal in size (3-7 mm), and have round, smooth borders.
- Cloudy pupils may indicate cataracts.
- Mydriasis (enlarged pupils) may indicate injury, glaucoma, or certain drugs.
- Miosis (constricted pupils) may indicate inflammation of the iris, certain drugs, or age-related change.
Hearing and Abnormalities
- Audiometric evaluations are recommended for children and older adults.
- Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound waves are interrupted in the outer and middle ear.
- Sensorineural hearing loss is due to damage to the inner ear, auditory nerve, or brain.
- Mixed hearing loss is a combination of conduction and sensorineural loss.
- Weber's Test and the Rinne Test assess conduction hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and nerve conduction or inner ear function.
Eyes and Ears Abnormalities
- Cataracts occur in individuals over 65, but can occur at any age, causing opacity of the lens or its capsule.
- Glaucoma is a disturbance in aqueous fluid circulation, causing increased intraocular pressure and potential blindness.
- Danger signs of glaucoma include blurred vision, loss of peripheral vision, and difficulty focusing.
- Abnormalities of the external ear and ear canal include infections, abnormal growths, and buildup of cerumen.
- Abnormalities of the tympanic membrane, such as acute otitis media, can have serious consequences.
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