Module 4: Fluid and Heat Transfer Learning Outcomes

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What is the formula for calculating mass density (𝜌)?

$ ho = rac{g}{V}$

$ ho = rac{V}{m}$

$ ho = rac{W}{V}$

$ ho = rac{m}{V}$ (correct)

Which of the following statements about less dense fluids and solids is correct?

Less dense fluids will sink below more dense fluids, and less dense solids will float on top of more dense fluids.

Less dense fluids will float on top of more dense fluids, and less dense solids will sink below more dense fluids.

Less dense fluids will sink below more dense fluids, and less dense solids will sink below more dense fluids.

Less dense fluids will float on top of more dense fluids, and less dense solids will float on top of more dense fluids. (correct)

What is the formula for calculating weight density ($ ho_g$)?

$ ho_g = rac{m}{V}$

$ ho_g = rac{W}{m}$

$ ho_g = rac{W}{V}$ (correct)

$ ho_g = rac{g}{V}$

What is the definition of specific gravity (sp gr)?

The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not one of the Intended Learning Outcomes listed in the text?

Calculate the volume of a fluid. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following topics is frequently given the symbol rho (𝜌) in physics?

Mass density Signup and view all the answers

What is hydrodynamics?

The study of fluids in motion Signup and view all the answers

What type of flow is characterized by particles following smooth linear paths?

Laminar flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for Rate of Flow in fluids?

J Signup and view all the answers

In Sample Problem 10, what diameter should the water flow be for it to leave the nozzle at a speed of 25 m/s?

$0.75 m$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of turbulent flow?

Erratic, small, whirlpool-like circles Signup and view all the answers

In Sample Problem 11, what is the exit velocity of water from the garden hose when a nozzle of diameter 0.5 cm is attached?

$24 m/s$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between pressure (P), kinetic energy density ($\rho v^2$), and gravitational potential energy density ($\rho g y$) for an incompressible fluid flow?

$P + \rho v^2 + \rho g y = \text{constant}$ Signup and view all the answers

If the water main pressure gauge reads 2 atm, and the pipe area decreases from 0.003 m^2 to 0.001 m^2 while rising 5 m, what is the gauge pressure just before the shower head?

Greater than 2 atm Signup and view all the answers

According to Torricelli's principle, what is the speed of liquid leaving a hole a distance $h$ below the surface?

$\sqrt{2gh}$ Signup and view all the answers

In a solar hot water collector system, water is pumped at a rate of 24 cm^3/s through a 0.50 cm radius pipe on the main floor to a 0.35 cm radius pipe 4 m higher on the roof. If the pressure in the smaller pipe on the roof is 1.20 × 10^5 Pa, what is the pressure in the larger pipe on the main floor?

Greater than 1.20 × 10^5 Pa Signup and view all the answers

If a large, open barrel is filled with water to a height of 1 m above a 1.2 cm radius hole, and the cork is removed, what is the initial flow rate of water from the hole?

$\pi (1.2 \times 10^{-2})^2 \sqrt{2g(1)}$ m^3/s Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of heat transfer is responsible for the exchange of thermal energy through solids or stationary fluids?

Conduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit for thermal energy?

Joules (J) Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism of heat transfer does not require a medium?

Radiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between heat flux and heat transfer rate?

Heat flux is the rate of heat transfer per unit area Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials would be considered a good conductor of heat?

Copper Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the rate of heat transfer by conduction?

$Q = k A \Delta T / \Delta x$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the thermal conductivity, $k$, in the conduction heat transfer equation?

It measures the effectiveness of heat transfer through a material Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is the relationship between the volume of a pipe and its cross-sectional area and length?

The volume of the pipe is equal to the length multiplied by the area of the cross section. Signup and view all the answers

What does Bernoulli's Principle state about the relationship between fluid velocity and pressure?

Fluids moving at higher velocities lead to lower pressures, and fluids moving at lower velocities result in higher pressures. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the pressure, kinetic energy, and potential energy of a fluid according to Bernoulli's Equation?

The pressure at a point in the fluid plus the kinetic energy and potential energy of the fluid at that point must be equal at any point in the fluid. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the volume flow rate and the cross-sectional area and velocity of the fluid according to the Continuity Equation?

The volume flow rate is equal to the cross-sectional area multiplied by the velocity of the fluid. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the work done on a fluid and the change in kinetic and potential energy of the fluid according to the equation $W = ext{ΔKE} + ext{ΔPE}$?

The work done on the fluid is equal to the change in kinetic energy plus the change in potential energy of the fluid. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the pressure difference $P_1 - P_2$ and the work done $W$ on a fluid according to the equation $W = (P_1 - P_2)V$?

The work done on the fluid is equal to the pressure difference multiplied by the volume of the fluid. Signup and view all the answers