Module 1: Introduction to Operating Systems

An intermediary program that manages the computer's hardware and resources, providing a user-friendly interface for applications.

The core of an operating system, responsible for handling low-level system operations like memory management, process scheduling, and hardware interaction.

Software components that allow an operating system to communicate with and control specific hardware devices.

A way of simplifying complex systems by hiding details and providing a simplified view.

A way of organizing data on a storage device, allowing for efficient access and management.

The process of creating, managing, and accessing files on a storage device.

A key principle of abstraction where complex problems are broken down into smaller, manageable tasks.

The ability of an operating system to handle multiple tasks simultaneously, giving the illusion of parallel processing.

The physical components of a computer system, including the CPU, memory, input/output devices, and peripherals.

Programs that allow users to perform specific tasks, such as word processing, gaming, or web browsing.

Software that manages and controls the operations of a computer's hardware, coordinating the activities of both hardware and software.

Software programs that help manage, maintain, and control computer resources.

The process of executing instructions one after another in a sequential order.

The history of operating system development is closely linked to the evolution of computer architectures. Each generation of operating systems was developed to run on different generations of computer hardware.

A collection of hardware, software, and human resources that work together to receive, process, manage, and present information.

The software that runs directly on the computer's hardware, acting as an intermediary between hardware and application programs.

The process of hiding complex details and presenting simplified interfaces to users. It makes interacting with a computer system easier by abstracting away the underlying hardware and providing a higher-level view.

A mechanism that controls and manages the allocation of resources like processors, memory, and I/O devices among various programs and users.

The OS allocates resources to different programs and users in a controlled and organized manner, preventing chaos and ensuring efficient use.

A technique where multiple programs or users take turns using a shared resource, allowing for better utilization of the resource.

A technique where a resource is divided among multiple programs or users, each getting a specific portion of the resource.

A system where multiple programs can be loaded in memory and run concurrently, allowing for greater efficiency and multitasking.

The OS's main role is to keep track of resource usage by different programs and users, resolve conflicts, and ensure fair allocation.

The primary goal of the OS is to provide a consistent and easy-to-use interface to programmers and applications, hiding the complexity of the underlying hardware.

A type of computer system where jobs are run in order, one after the other. Each job runs completely before the next one starts.

An operating system that allows multiple programs to run on a computer at the same time, switching between them very quickly.

A type of operating system that allows users to interact with the computer in real-time, like typing commands and getting instant responses.

A system where computation tasks are spread out across multiple computers connected by a network.

Traditionally, computers were standalone and used direct connections, like physical cables, to communicate with other systems.

A platform that provides access to internal systems and network computers through a web interface.

A type of computer that relies heavily on a network for its functionality, often lacking significant local processing power.

Computing environments encompass various hardware, software, and networks that work together to solve problems and process information.

A type of computing that uses handheld devices like smartphones and tablets, primarily powered by operating systems like iOS and Android. These devices often incorporate features like GPS and gyroscopes, enabling new app types such as Augmented Reality.

A network of interconnected computer systems where communication is facilitated through network protocols like TCP/IP. Common network types include LAN, WAN, MAN, and PAN.

A computing architecture where client devices (like computers, phones, or tablets) request services or data from a server. Clients are typically the devices you use, while servers store information and provide services.

A technology that allows operating systems to run as virtual machines within host operating systems, enabling multiple operating systems to exist on a single physical machine. Types include emulation and virtualization; virtualization allows operating systems to run on the same CPU type as the host.

A model of computing that delivers services like computing power, storage, and applications over a network. It relies on virtualization and offers models like public, private, and hybrid clouds.

A type of cloud computing model where applications are delivered and accessed over the internet. Users interact with applications remotely, requiring no local installation.

A network security tool that protects computer systems from unauthorized access or malicious attacks. It acts as a barrier between the network and the outside world.

A standard for wireless communication protocols, commonly used for local wireless networks.

A software stack delivered over the Internet, providing pre-built applications like a database server. Users can access and utilize them directly without managing the underlying infrastructure.

Provides access to servers and storage resources through the Internet. Users can rent resources like storage for backups without owning the physical hardware.

A computing environment where multiple users can share a single computer's processing power concurrently. Each user gets a time slice of the processor, giving the illusion of simultaneous execution.

A type of computing where different computer systems are interconnected and can communicate with each other seamlessly. This enables distributed tasks and resource sharing across different machines.

A computing model where one computer (server) provides services to multiple other computers (clients). Clients request resources and services from the server.