World History Honors Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

Which civilization is known for its capital city Tenochtitlán?

  • Aztec (correct)
  • Maya
  • Olmec
  • Inca

    • The Inca civilization was primarily known for its contributions to trade routes and cultural exchanges.

    False

    What advanced agricultural technique did the Inca develop to adapt to their mountainous environment?

    terrace farming

    The Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 was established to divide newly discovered lands between _____ and _____.

    <p>Spain, Portugal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following explorers with their notable accomplishments:

    <p>Christopher Columbus = Opened new trade routes to the Americas Vasco da Gama = Found a sea route to Asia Hernán Cortés = Conquered the Aztec Empire Francisco Pizarro = Conquered the Inca Empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher viewed the social contract as an agreement among free individuals to create a government?

    <p>Rousseau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Montesquieu believed that liberty is a natural right that can be safeguarded by a separation of powers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the Five Pillars of Islam?

    <p>Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, Pilgrimage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rousseau believed that the only legitimate government comes from the consent of the ______.

    <p>governed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following revolutions with their main focus:

    <p>American Revolution = Gaining independence from British rule French Revolution = Overthrowing an absolute monarchy Both Revolutions = Establishing a government based on Enlightenment principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Enlightenment thinker argued for tolerance, freedom of religion, and free speech?

    <p>Voltaire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The federal system in the U.S. does not provide a balance between centralized authority and local governance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Kaaba in Islam?

    <p>It is the holiest site that Muslims face during prayers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Quran is believed to have been written by Muhammad himself.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one significant holy day in Islam.

    <p>Eid al-Fitr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muslims who are physically and financially able must perform the _______ to Mecca at least once in their lifetime.

    <p>hajj</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following groups with their beliefs regarding leadership after Muhammad:

    <p>Sunnis = Accept elected caliphs Shiites = Belief in leaders as descendants of Muhammad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'People of the Book' refer to in Islam?

    <p>Jews and Christians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sharia Law is solely based on the teachings of the Quran.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Clovis and what was his significance?

    <p>Clovis was the first king of the Franks who united all Frankish tribes and converted to Christianity, strengthening ties with the Catholic Church.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The caliphate is the Islamic state led by a _______.

    <p>caliph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What title was Charles Martel commonly known by?

    <p>Charles the Hammer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Treaty of Verdun was signed in 843 and unified Charlemagne's empire.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Battle of Tours in 732?

    <p>It halted the Muslim advance into Western Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Charles Martel defeated the Muslim army at the Battle of ______.

    <p>Tours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following individuals with their roles or titles:

    <p>Charles Martel = Defender of Christendom Charlemagne = Emperor crowned by Pope Leo III Otto I = First Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Pope Leo III = Crowner of Charlemagne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT an achievement of Charlemagne?

    <p>Creation of the Holy Roman Empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Papal supremacy allows the Pope to influence political leaders.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the medieval Church play in society?

    <p>It provided stability and unity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Holy Roman Empire was established in ______ when Otto I was crowned emperor.

    <p>962</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which grandson of Charlemagne is known for the title 'Charles the Bald'?

    <p>Charles the Bald</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event initiated a series of religious wars in Europe?

    <p>The Crusades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Henry II's conflict with Thomas Becket strengthened the royal authority in England.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the leading figure in Scholasticism?

    <p>Thomas Aquinas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Black Death was primarily caused by ____ transmitted through fleas and rats.

    <p>bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Black Death on the Church?

    <p>It led to a decline in the Church's power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lay investiture was the practice where church officials were appointed by secular leaders.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What agreement resolved the conflict between the Church and the German monarchy over lay investiture?

    <p>Concordat of Worms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Renaissance was characterized by a revival of interest in classical art and ____.

    <p>learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following historical events with their descriptions:

    <p>Crusades = Religious wars mobilizing European knights Black Death = Bubonic plague causing massive population decline Reformation = Religious movement leading to Protestant churches Concordat of Worms = Resolution of Church-monarchy conflict over lay investiture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who initiated the Reformation?

    <p>Martin Luther</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Module 1: Democratic Traditions

    • Greek thinkers used logic and reason to study the universe, society, and morality.
    • Philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle contributed to scientific thought through logical reasoning.
    • Key assumptions of their philosophies included:
      • The universe follows absolute and unchanging laws.
      • People can understand these laws through logic and reason.
    • Socrates emphasized questioning beliefs.
    • Plato, a student of Socrates, explored ideal societies and the nature of knowledge.
    • Aristotle, a student of Plato, examined the nature of the world and human thought.
    • The Socratic Method is a question-and-answer approach.
    • Constantine's Edict of Milan (AD 313) established religious toleration for Christianity in the Roman Empire.
    • The 12 Tables were a written law code that protected the rights of free citizens in Rome.
    • Monotheistic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, originated in the Middle East and share beliefs in ethical behavior and a powerful God.

    Module 2: World of Islam

    • The Five Pillars are foundational acts of worship and practice for Muslims.
    • Faith, prayer, alms, fasting, and pilgrimage are the Five Pillars.
    • Holy lands for Islam include Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem.
    • Key days include Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr Ramadan is a time for fasting and prayers.
    • The Quran is the holy book of Islam, believed to be the word of Allah.
    • The Kaaba is a sacred shrine in Mecca that is the holiest site in Islam. Muslims face it during prayers.
    • Sunnis and Shiites split over who should succeed Muhammad to be caliph.
    • Sharia is the Islamic legal system, encompassing all aspects of a Muslim's life.

    Module 4 & 5: Medieval Europe & Western Church

    • The Franks, led by Clovis, held power in Gaul (modern-day France) and became a significant Christian kingdom.
    • Charles Martel defeated Muslim invaders at the Battle of Tours in 732 AD.
    • Charlemagne (Charles the Great) expanded the Frankish empire and was crowned emperor by the Pope.
    • The Treaty of Verdun in 843 divided Charlemagne's empire among his grandsons.
    • The medieval Church wielded significant power and influenced daily life and politics.
    • Papal supremacy signified the Pope's power over the whole Church.
    • The Holy Roman Empire was a powerful state in Europe, but often conflicted with the Papacy.
    • The Crusades were religious wars to reclaim the Holy Land.

    Modules 8 & 9: Renaissance & Reformation

    • The Renaissance (roughly 1300-1600) revived interest in classical learning, emphasizing human potential and achievements.
    • The Reformation (16th century) challenged the Catholic Church, leading to the creation of Protestant churches.
    • Key figures of the Renaissance include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael.
    • Humanism emphasized the study of classical texts and human potential.
    • Key reformers of the Protestant Reformation included Martin Luther.

    Modules 7 & 10: Early Americas & European Exploration

    • The Maya civilization developed a complex civilization with advanced writing, math, and astronomy, and monumental architecture.
    • The Aztec empire rose in central Mexico, and the Incas built a large empire in the Andes region.
    • Key achievements included elaborate religious practices, extensive trade routes and sophisticated cultures.
    • The Columbian Exchange was a significant transfer of plants, animals, people, diseases, culture, and ideas between the Old and New World.

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