Modified Lateral Enucleation Technique Overview

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Questions and Answers

What type of complications were specifically noted in the observations?

  • Seroma formation (correct)
  • Hematoma
  • Anaphylactic reactions
  • Infections

What statistical method was utilized in the analysis mentioned?

  • Linear regression
  • Logistic regression (correct)
  • Survival analysis
  • ANOVA

What aspect was primarily excluded from the logistic regression model?

  • Age of patients
  • Complications unrelated to species
  • Cations observed (correct)
  • Severity of complications

How many cases were classified as minor complications?

<p>Ten cases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was considered as the covariable in the logistic regression model?

<p>Species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method was used to estimate blood loss?

<p>Gravimetric method (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which time period was the detailed review conducted?

<p>2019–2022 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was assessed using a statistical method prior to surgery?

<p>Blood loss estimation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific measurement was mentioned as being taken before the surgery?

<p>Dry weight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is NOT mentioned in the context of the review?

<p>Patient recovery analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the au-proach improve during a retrobulbar dissection?

<p>Overview of orbital tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding RBL during retrobulbar dissection?

<p>RBL varies depending on the approach taken. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does RBL likely refer to in the context of retrobulbar dissection?

<p>Retrobulbar lymphatics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most indicative of the complications that can arise during retrobulbar dissection?

<p>Increased risk of optic nerve injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the content, what is the primary focus of the authors' findings?

<p>The benefits of different surgical techniques (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the incidence rate of orbital emphysema reported in the cases studied?

<p>0.08% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many cases were examined to determine the incidence of orbital emphysema?

<p>1296 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the reported incidence, how many cases of orbital emphysema were observed?

<p>1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can be drawn from the incidence of orbital emphysema in the study?

<p>It is a rare occurrence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the technique used in the study could explain the low incidence of orbital emphysema?

<p>The lateral cleation technique. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the enucleation technique mentioned?

<p>A lateral approach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the referenced technique associated with contralateral optic neuropathy noted?

<p>1972 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with the enucleation technique described?

<p>Retinopathy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which publication is referenced regarding the enucleation technique?

<p>Journal of Animal Hospital Association (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific type of neuropathy is linked with the discussed medical procedure?

<p>Contralateral optic neuropathy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries are specifically indicated in the lateral view of the left feline orbit drawing?

<p>Infraorbital and lingual arteries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is depicted in the lateral view alongside the major arteries in the left feline orbit?

<p>Ocular and retrobulbar vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of feline anatomy, which of the following arteries is associated with the infraorbital artery?

<p>The lingual artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the lateral view of the left ocular vessels of a cat primarily illustrate?

<p>The locations of specific arteries in relation to the eye (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which orientation is used in the drawing that depicts the major arteries in the left feline orbit?

<p>Lateral view (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Blood loss estimation

A method used to calculate the amount of blood lost during surgery.

Gravi-metric method

A method for estimating blood loss using the measurement of dry weight.

Surgery

A medical procedure involving an incision.

Detailed review

A thorough examination of past data.

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Statistical evaluation

Using statistical methods to analyze data.

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Logistic Regression

A statistical model used to predict a binary outcome (e.g., success or failure).

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Covariable

A variable included in a statistical model to control for extraneous factors.

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Minor Complications

Less serious, but still noticeable, issues observed during the study.

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Seroma Formation

Accumulation of serous fluid causing a lump.

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Species as covariable

The species being considered as a controlling variable in a model.

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Retrobulbar dissection

Surgical approach to orbital tissues.

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Orbital tissues

Tissues surrounding the eye.

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RBL

A measurement in retrobulbar dissection.

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Surgical approach

Method of accessing tissues in a surgery.

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Difference in RBL

Variation in RBL measurement between approaches.

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Orbital Emphysema Incidence

The rate of orbital emphysema in a specific group of cases.

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Incidence Rate

The frequency of an event or condition in a population.

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Medical Procedure

A surgical technique.

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0.08% Cases

One out of 1296 cases presented with orbital emphysema.

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Lateral Cleation

A medical procedure/technique. Not surprising low orbital emphysema complication rate in this case.

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Enucleation Technique

A surgical method of eye removal, often through a lateral access.

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Lateral Approach

Surgical access from the side of the eye.

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Contralateral Optic Neuropathy

Damage to the nerve on the opposite side of the affected eye.

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Retinopathy

Disease affecting the retina.

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Animal Hospital Association

A professional organization for veterinary professionals

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Feline Orbit Arteries

Major blood vessels (arteries) supplying the cat's eye socket.

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Infraorbital Artery

An artery supplying the lower part of the cat's eye socket.

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Lingual Artery

An artery supplying the tongue in the cat.

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Retrobulbar Vessels

Blood vessels behind the eye socket, crucial for eye function.

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Lateral View (anatomy)

A side view of the ocular and retrobulbar vessels.

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Study Notes

Modified Lateral Enucleation Technique

  • This study describes a modified lateral enucleation technique for animals, omitting optic nerve ligation/clamping.
  • The aim was to assess complication rates, intraoperative blood loss, and potential risk factors.

Purpose

  • To modify lateral enucleation by avoiding optic nerve ligation.
  • To document complication rates.
  • To estimate intraoperative blood loss.
  • To identify potential risk factors for complications.

Methods

  • Retrospective review of medical records (2000-2022) for dogs, cats, and rabbits undergoing lateral enucleation.
  • Subset of patients (2019-2022) evaluated for risk factors (species, sex, age, surgeon, presumed ocular surface infection, culture results, follow-up, antibiotics, NSAIDs, complications, diabetes).
  • Prospective study estimated intraoperative blood loss by gravimetric analysis.

Results

  • 1296 enucleations reviewed retrospectively.
  • Potential risk factor evaluation in 446 cases.
  • Overall complication rate: 2.31%.
  • Surgical site infection rate: 2.08%.
  • Only Pseudomonas spp. bacterial culture associated with complications.
  • Estimated intraoperative blood loss: 2.2% (dogs) and 4.1% (cats).

Conclusions

  • The modified technique is safe and fast in dogs, cats, and rabbits.
  • Optic nerve/tissue ligation/clamping is contraindicated based on orbital vasculature anatomy.

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